mysql - 加快查询

Question

我有一个数据库表，其中包含超过 100 万行并且可能会变得更大。我有一个 python 脚本，它查询数据库以从此数据库表中获取一条随机记录。我正在使用的查询是:

SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE cust_type = 'C'
ORDER BY RAND()
LIMIT 1;

我只是想知道是否有更好、更快的方法来做到这一点？

感谢 Michael Benjamin 的出色回答:下面是我的工作 Python 脚本和他的建议

def util_get_random_customer_individual():
    # Gets a random customer from the MySQL DB Customers table. Users will need to parse items from the results into
    # individual results
    # Connect to the DB
    config = {'user': 'user', 'password': 'password', 'host': 'host name',
              'port': 3306, 'database': 'database'}
    conn = mysql.connector.connect(**config)
    c = conn.cursor()
    type_code = 'I'
    # Get a random customer based on the the count
    c.execute('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM customers WHERE cust_type = %s', type_code)
    count = c.fetchone()[0]
    random_value = random.randint(1, count)
    c.execute('SELECT * FROM customers WHERE cust_type = %s LIMIT %s, 1', (type_code, random_value,))
    random_customer = c.fetchone()
    return random_customer

Answer 1

根据总数随机生成一个数字，然后使用偏移量非常快。

SELECT COUNT(*) AS Total 
FROM customers 
WHERE cust_type='C';

PHP:

$rand = rand(1, $count);

SELECT * 
FROM customer 
WHERE cust_type='C' 
LIMIT $rand, 1;