mysql - 优化用于统计的 SQL 子查询

Question

我为我们的用户 PC 创建了一个简单的统计工具。它每 5 分钟记录一次我们所有 PC 的状态。一个小前端给了我一个使用图表:

现在随着数据的增长，SQL 查询变得越来越慢，我正在寻找优化它的方法。

这是结构。如您所见，“usage”表包含大约 600 万条记录，它使用 MySQL InnoDB:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `usage` (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `host_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `time` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `state` enum('LinuxTU','LinuxExt','View','Browser','Idle','Offline') CHARACTER SET latin1 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Offline'
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5963366 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

ALTER TABLE `usage`
 ADD PRIMARY KEY (`id`), ADD KEY `host_id` (`host_id`), ADD KEY `time` (`time`);

ALTER TABLE `usage`
MODIFY `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,AUTO_INCREMENT=5963366;

执行以下查询大约需要 7 秒。它是将数据提供给屏幕截图的查询。

/* create pivot table */
SELECT `time`,
    SUM(IF(state='LinuxTU', statecount, 0)) AS LinuxTU,
    SUM(IF(state='LinuxExt', statecount, 0)) AS LinuxExt,
    SUM(IF(state='View', statecount, 0)) AS View,
    SUM(IF(state='Browser', statecount, 0)) AS Browser
FROM (
    /* get data from last 24h grouped by state */
    SELECT `time`, `state`, COUNT(`state`) statecount
    FROM `usage` u
    /* group by time to get every 5 minutes
       group by state to get the state counter */
    GROUP BY `time`, `state`
    HAVING `time` > 1441271078 AND `time` < 1441357478
) AS s
GROUP BY `time`
ORDER BY `time` ASC

我不知道如何优化它。我错过了什么吗？还是我需要重组结构？有什么提示吗？

Answer 1

除了将 time 比较移动到 where 子句之外，您还可以完全摆脱子查询:

/* create pivot table */
SELECT `time`,
       SUM(state = 'LinuxTU') AS LinuxTU,
       SUM(state = 'LinuxExt') AS LinuxExt,
       SUM(state = 'View') AS View,
       SUM(state = 'Browser') AS Browser
FROM usage u
WHERE `time` > 1441271078 AND `time` < 1441357478
GROUP BY `time`
ORDER BY `time` ASC;