mysql - 返回过去 24 小时内每小时的计数，用零填充空白

Question

我正在尝试获取一个记录集，其中包含过去 24 小时内每小时的销售额，并用零填充空白时间。

我的示例数据集如下所示，包含两个测试行:

id | saleID            | amount      | created
---|-------------------|-------------|-------------
1  | 6032b317-1533...  | 20000       | 2019-01-10 23:56:40
2  | 43556fg6-5344...  | 60000       | 2019-01-11 18:06:32

比如当前时间是18:10，那么我要查找的结果是:

| hourOrderID | saleHour | saleHourTotal |
| ----------- | -------- | ------------- |
| 1           | 18:00    | 1             |
| 2           | 17:00    | 0             |
| 3           | 16:00    | 0             |
| 4           | 15:00    | 0             |
| 5           | 14:00    | 0             |
| 6           | 13:00    | 0             |
| 7           | 12:00    | 0             |
| 8           | 11:00    | 0             |
| 9           | 10:00    | 0             |
| 10          | 9:00     | 0             |
| 11          | 8:00     | 0             |
| 12          | 7:00     | 0             |
| 13          | 6:00     | 0             |
| 14          | 5:00     | 0             |
| 15          | 4:00     | 0             |
| 16          | 3:00     | 0             |
| 17          | 2:00     | 0             |
| 18          | 1:00     | 0             |
| 19          | 0:00     | 0             |
| 20          | 23:00    | 1             |
| 21          | 22:00    | 0             |
| 22          | 21:00    | 0             |
| 23          | 20:00    | 0             |
| 24          | 19:00    | 0             |
| 25          | 18:00    | 0             |

请注意；今天 18:00-19:00 之间有 1 个销售，昨天 18:00-19:00 之间有 0 个。这是我的问题。

我实际得到的结果是:

| hourOrderID | saleHour | saleHourTotal |
| ----------- | -------- | ------------- |
| 1           | 18:00    | 1             |
| 2           | 17:00    | 0             |
| 3           | 16:00    | 0             |
| 4           | 15:00    | 0             |
| 5           | 14:00    | 0             |
| 6           | 13:00    | 0             |
| 7           | 12:00    | 0             |
| 8           | 11:00    | 0             |
| 9           | 10:00    | 0             |
| 10          | 9:00     | 0             |
| 11          | 8:00     | 0             |
| 12          | 7:00     | 0             |
| 13          | 6:00     | 0             |
| 14          | 5:00     | 0             |
| 15          | 4:00     | 0             |
| 16          | 3:00     | 0             |
| 17          | 2:00     | 0             |
| 18          | 1:00     | 0             |
| 19          | 0:00     | 0             |
| 20          | 23:00    | 1             |
| 21          | 22:00    | 0             |
| 22          | 21:00    | 0             |
| 23          | 20:00    | 0             |
| 24          | 19:00    | 0             |
| 25          | 18:00    | 1             | <----- this isn't yesterday, it's today

我一直在处理的查询是:

SELECT
    aux.id AS hourOrderID,
    CONCAT(aux.dh, ':00') AS saleHour,
    COALESCE(COUNT(ets.saleID), 0) AS saleHourTotal
FROM eventTicketSales AS ets 
RIGHT JOIN (
    SELECT 1 AS id, HOUR(UTC_TIMESTAMP()) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 2 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 1 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 3 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 2 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 4 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 3 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 5 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 4 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 6 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 5 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 7 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 6 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 8 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 7 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 9 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 8 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 10 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 9 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 11 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 10 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 12 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 11 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 13 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 12 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 14 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 13 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 15 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 14 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 16 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 15 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 17 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 16 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 18 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 17 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 19 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 18 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 20 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 19 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 21 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 20 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 22 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 21 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 23 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 22 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 24 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 23 HOUR)) AS dh UNION
    SELECT 25 AS id, HOUR(DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 24 HOUR)) AS dh
) AS aux ON HOUR(ets.created) = aux.dh
         AND ets.created > DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL 24 HOUR)
GROUP BY aux.id, aux.dh
ORDER BY hourOrderID

你可以fiddle with my bits here :o

我希望最后一小时是前一天的，但我的大脑认为它不能再继续了，需要帮助。

我尝试在第 25 小时添加另一个 UNION，还尝试将时间范围延长到 25 小时，但结果与我想要的相去甚远:

AND ets.created > DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL 25 HOUR

请建议可以更改哪些内容以使其按预期工作。

Answer 1

我听取了评论区@Strawberry 的建议，决定做这个应用层，现在很有意义，因为它更容易阅读。我不后悔尝试 SQL 版本，因为我学到了一些东西。

我在下面发布了我使用的解决方案，它是用 PHP 编写的，适用于任何需要类似东西的人。如果有人有比这更有效的解决方案，请在评论中分享。

查询:

SELECT
    CONCAT(DATE_FORMAT(created, '%Y-%m-%d %H'), ':00:00') AS saleHour,
    SUM(amount) AS totalSales
FROM eventTicketSales
WHERE created BETWEEN DATE_SUB(UTC_TIMESTAMP(), INTERVAL 24 HOUR) AND UTC_TIMESTAMP
GROUP BY HOUR(created);

结果:

saleHour                 totalSales
2019-01-11 17:00:00      10000
2019-01-10 23:00:00      20000

存储在$salesIn24Hours

逻辑:

$hours = 24 + 1;
for ($i=0; $i<$hours; $i++) {
    $date = date('Y-m-d H', strtotime('-'.$i.' HOUR')).':00:00';
    $key = array_search($date, array_column($salesIn24Hours, 'saleHour'));
    if ($key !== FALSE) {
        echo $date . ' ' . $salesIn24Hours[$key]['totalSales'] . '<br>';
    } else {
        echo $date . ' 0' . '<br>';
    }
}

结果:

2019-01-11 21:00:00  0
2019-01-11 20:00:00  0
2019-01-11 19:00:00  0
2019-01-11 18:00:00  0
2019-01-11 17:00:00  10000
2019-01-11 16:00:00  0
2019-01-11 15:00:00  0
2019-01-11 14:00:00  0
2019-01-11 13:00:00  0
2019-01-11 12:00:00  0
2019-01-11 11:00:00  0
2019-01-11 10:00:00  0
2019-01-11 09:00:00  0
2019-01-11 08:00:00  0
2019-01-11 07:00:00  0
2019-01-11 06:00:00  0
2019-01-11 05:00:00  0
2019-01-11 04:00:00  0
2019-01-11 03:00:00  0
2019-01-11 02:00:00  0
2019-01-11 01:00:00  0
2019-01-11 00:00:00  0
2019-01-10 23:00:00  20000
2019-01-10 22:00:00  0
2019-01-10 21:00:00  0