android - Espresso openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu 导致 NoMatchingViewException

Question

我刚刚开始尝试使用适用于 Android 的 Espresso 测试框架，我想做的第一件事是点击 Activity 选项菜单中的“设置”按钮。但是，当我尝试调用 openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext()) 时，测试崩溃并出现此异常

android.support.test.espresso.NoMatchingViewException: No views in hierarchy found matching: ((is displayed on the screen to the user and with content description: is "More options") or (is displayed on the screen to the user and with class name: a string ending with "OverflowMenuButton"))

View Hierarchy:
+>DecorView{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=800, height=1232, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=1}
|
+->LinearLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=800, height=1232, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=2}
|
+-->ViewStub{id=16909074, visibility=GONE, width=0, height=0, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=true, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0}
|
+-->FrameLayout{id=16908290, res-name=content, visibility=VISIBLE, width=800, height=1207, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=25.0, child-count=1}
|
+--->RelativeLayout{id=-1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=800, height=1207, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, child-count=9}
|
+---->ImageView{id=2131361813, res-name=main_logo, desc=logo, visibility=VISIBLE, width=768, height=158, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=16.0, y=36.0}
|
+---->Button{id=2131361814, res-name=main_new_button, visibility=INVISIBLE, width=210, height=48, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=295.0, y=232.0, text=New forest, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
|
+---->Button{id=2131361815, res-name=main_load_button, visibility=VISIBLE, width=210, height=48, has-focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=true, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=295.0, y=310.0, text=Load forest, input-type=0, ime-target=true, has-links=false}
|
+---->Button{id=2131361816, res-name=satform_download_button, visibility=VISIBLE, width=210, height=48, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=295.0, y=388.0, text=Download, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
|
+---->Button{id=2131361817, res-name=main_resume_button, visibility=GONE, width=0, height=0, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=true, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Continue, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
|
+---->ToggleButton{id=2131361818, res-name=marking_mode_toggle, visibility=VISIBLE, width=223, height=48, has-focus=false, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=288.0, y=466.0, text=Auto Marking RFID mode, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false, is-checked=false}
|
+---->ProgressBar{id=2131361819, res-name=progress_bar, visibility=GONE, width=0, height=0, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=true, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0}
|
+---->TextView{id=2131361820, res-name=progress_text, visibility=GONE, width=0, height=0, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=false, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=true, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=0.0, y=0.0, text=Please wait…, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
|
+---->TextView{id=2131361821, res-name=version_text, visibility=VISIBLE, width=210, height=25, has-focus=false, has-focusable=false, has-window-focus=true, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-focused=false, is-focusable=false, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=295.0, y=1128.0, text=version:0.7.0, input-type=0, ime-target=false, has-links=false}
|
at dalvik.system.VMStack.getThreadStackTrace(Native Method)
at java.lang.Thread.getStackTrace(Thread.java:579)
at android.support.test.espresso.base.DefaultFailureHandler.getUserFriendlyError(DefaultFailureHandler.java:82)
at android.support.test.espresso.base.DefaultFailureHandler.handle(DefaultFailureHandler.java:53)
at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.runSynchronouslyOnUiThread(ViewInteraction.java:184)
at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.doPerform(ViewInteraction.java:115)
at android.support.test.espresso.ViewInteraction.perform(ViewInteraction.java:87)
at android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu(Espresso.java:214)
at com.treemetrics.treedegrees.TestBluetoothPeripheralDialog.openOverflowMenu(TestBluetoothPeripheralDialog.java:28)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at android.support.test.internal.statement.UiThreadStatement.evaluate(UiThreadStatement.java:55)
at android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule$ActivityStatement.evaluate(ActivityTestRule.java:257)
at org.junit.rules.RunRules.evaluate(RunRules.java:20)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128)
at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:115)
at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestExecutor.execute(TestExecutor.java:54)
at android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:240)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1710)

选项菜单在这样的 Activity 中初始化

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_comp_activity, menu);
    this.menu = menu;
    return true;
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    // handle item selection
    switch (item.getItemId()) {
    case R.id.action_rfid:
        toggleRfid(item);
        return true;
    default:
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

@Override
public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu);
    MainApplication.debugOut(true, 2, TAG, getString(R.string.called_on_prepare_options_menu));
    if (RfidBtService.isRunning){
        menu.findItem(R.id.action_rfid).setTitle(R.string.action_rfid_off);
        menu.findItem(R.id.action_rfid).setIcon(R.drawable.bt_rfid);
    }else{
        menu.findItem(R.id.action_rfid).setTitle(R.string.action_rfid_on);
        menu.findItem(R.id.action_rfid).setIcon(R.drawable.bt_rfid_on);
    }
    return true;
}

这是菜单的 XML

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >

<item
    android:id="@+id/menuitem_saveforest"
    android:onClick="saveForest"
    android:orderInCategory="100"
    android:showAsAction="never"
    android:title="@string/action_save_forest"/>
<item
    android:id="@+id/action_sendforest"
    android:onClick="sendForest"
    android:orderInCategory="100"
    android:showAsAction="never"
    android:title="@string/action_send_forest"/>
<item
    android:id="@+id/action_settings"
    android:onClick="launchSettings"
    android:orderInCategory="100"
    android:showAsAction="never"
    android:title="@string/action_settings"/>
<item
    android:id="@+id/action_saveforest"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_menu_save"
    android:onClick="saveForest"
    android:showAsAction="always"
    android:title="@string/action_save_forest"/>
<item
    android:id="@+id/action_rfid"
    android:icon="@drawable/bt_rfid_on"
    android:onClick="toggleRfid"
    android:showAsAction="ifRoom"
    android:title="@string/action_rfid_on"/>

</menu>

这是我的测试类

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@SmallTest
public class TestBluetoothPeripheralDialog {

  @Rule
  public ActivityTestRule<ForestActivity> mActivityRule
      = new ActivityTestRule<>(ForestActivity.class);

  @Test
  public void openOverflowMenu() {
    // Open the overflow menu OR open the options menu,
    // depending on if the device has a hardware or software overflow menu button.
    openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext());

    // Click the item.
    onView(withText("Settings"))
        .perform(click());
  }

}

Answer 1

对于那些在正确的 Activity 中但在运行测试时仍然面临错误的人，这里有一些其他人可以尝试的事情:

1. 确保您拥有的设备的开发人员选项Animations off 在所有 3 个动画比例中选择 -窗口/过渡/动画师

2. 有时，openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu 需要一些时间加载结果的时间。我倾向于为 2 添加一个 Thread.sleep()秒。并且有效!