maven - tomcat 插件中未加载 Servlet api

Question

我试图通过 tomcat7-maven-plugin (tomcat7:deploy) 在 tomcat7 上部署一个 Spring 应用程序，但是当执行该应用程序时，我得到这个错误:

INFO: validateJarFile(C:\Program Files (x86)\apache-tomcat-7.0.47\webapps\MyApp\WEB-
INF\lib\servlet-api-2.5-6.1.11.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spe c 2.3, section 9.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class 16-gen-2014 14.18.25 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal GRAVE: Error listenerStart 16-gen-2014 14.18.25 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal GRAVE: Context [/MyApp] startup failed due to previous errors

如果我通过 jetty:run 使用 jetty，一切正常。

这是我的插件配置

        <!-- To launch embded jetty server -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
            <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${maven-jetty-plugin.version}</version>
            <configuration>
                <webAppConfig>
                    <contextPath>/${project.name}</contextPath>
                </webAppConfig>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    <!-- To launch embded tomcat server -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <url>http://localhost:8081/manager/text</url>
                <server>my-tomcat</server>
                <path>/MyApp</path>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

虽然这些是我的依赖项:

    <!-- Spring dependencies -->
     <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
     <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
         <exclusions>
        <!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

 <!-- default j2ee dependencies  -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

我该如何解决？

Answer 1

错误信息的重要部分是

信息:validateJarFile(C:\Program Files (x86)\apache-tomcat-7.0.47\webapps\MyApp\WEB-INF\lib\servlet-api-2.5-6.1.11.jar)- jar 没有加载。请参阅 Servlet 规范 2.3，第 9.7.2 节。违规类:javax/servlet/Servlet.class

这意味着您正在尝试加载 servlet-api-2.5-6.1.11.jar 作为包含 javax.servlet.Servlet< 定义的 Web 应用程序的一部分。上述规范的第 9.7.2 节指出，容器用来加载 servlet 的类加载器不得 WAR 覆盖 J2SE 或 Java servlet API 类。

---

在我的例子中，我在 pom.xml 文件中使用以下行构建 war 文件时设法排除了某些 jar:

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>2.1-alpha-2</version>
  <configuration>
  ...
    <packagingExcludes>WEB-INF/lib/javax.servlet-*.jar</packagingExcludes>
  ...
  </configuration>
</plugin>