python - Django:模板不存在。已经尝试过很多不同的东西

Question

我知道这显然是一个常见问题，但我已经查看了很多示例，但找不到解决方案。

我在做django1.8的教程。所以我不确定这是否是一个小故障。我试过将我的模板文件移动到多个位置，但到目前为止没有任何效果。

我的项目结构是这样的:我的项目叫做“forumtest”，它在一个叫做“venv”的虚拟环境中。 Forumtest 有一款名为“投票”的应用程序。我将“templates”文件夹存储在“forumtest”的根目录中，但我只是将其移动到“polls”目录中。但是，我得到了相同的结果。

截至目前，我的 settings.py 文件如下所示:

"""
Django settings for forumtest project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.8.3.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '$nnwkm0ln!$77m1n!%wv-5)k_rhs=-p-)xr-c-+m985w3jq#*='

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'polls',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'forumtest.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join (BASE_DIR,'C:/Desktop/Users/Owner/forumtest/polls/templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'forumtest.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'forumtest',
        'USER': 'admin',
        'PASSWORD': 'aldotheapache12',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '',
    }
}


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

“DIRS”部分如下所示:

'DIRS': [os.path.join (BASE_DIR,'C:/Desktop/Users/Owner/forumtest/polls/templates')], 

以前看起来像这样:

'DIRS': [os.path.join (BASE_DIR,'templates')],

我的 View 文件，存储在“forumtest”目录下，如下所示:

from django.shortcuts import render,get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect,HttpResponse
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.views import generic

from polls.models import Choice,Question

# Create your views here.
class IndexView(generic.ListView):
    template_name = 'index.html'
    context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'

    def get_queryset(self):
        """Return the last five published questions"""
        return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]

class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = 'polls/detail.html'

class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = 'polls/results.html'

def vote(request,question_id):
    p = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = p.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except(KeyError,Choice.DoesNotExist):
        #redisplay the question voting form
        return render(request,'polls/detail.html',{
            'question':p,
            'error_message': "you didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(p.id,)))

我在“民意调查”下有完全相同的 View 文件，除了这一行(我知道这可能是一个问题:

from .models import Choice,Question

请告诉我如何解决这个问题。谢谢大家!

编辑:根据@Chris McGinlay 的要求，这是模板加载器事后分析:

Django tried loading these templates, in this order:
Using loader django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader:
C:\Users\Owner\Desktop\venv\forumtest\templates\index.html, polls\question_list.html (File does not exist)
Using loader django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader:
C:\Users\Owner\Desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\templates\index.html, polls\question_list.html (File does not exist)
C:\Users\Owner\Desktop\venv\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\templates\index.html, polls\question_list.html (File does not exist)
C:\Users\Owner\Desktop\venv\forumtest\polls\templates\index.html, polls\question_list.html (File does not exist)

谢谢大家的评论!

编辑:所以我删除了位于“forumtest/forumtest”目录下的额外 View 文件，现在我收到一条错误消息

cannot import name 'views'

:(

编辑:@Alasdair 这是根 urls.py 文件:

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin

from . import views


urlpatterns = [
    # ex: /polls/
    url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
    url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls',namespace="polls")),
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
]

Answer 1

我认为 TEMPLATES 设置中的模板 DIRS 应该保持原样:

'DIRS': [os.path.join (BASE_DIR,'templates')],

'APP_DIRS': True, 应该从您的所有应用程序中提取模板。

当您在浏览器中收到可怕的“TemplateDoesNotExist at ...”消息时，向下查看模板加载器事后分析可能会有所帮助:

Django 尝试按以下顺序加载这些模板:

希望这能提供一些线索 - 你能把它贴在这里吗？