Python TkInter 网格问题

Question

我在 TkInter 中有一个网格:

from tkinter import *

class App():
    def __init__(self, root):
        self.root = root
        self.TopFrame = Frame(root)
        self.MiddleFrame = Frame(root)
        self.BottomFrame = Frame(root)
        self.TopFrame.grid(row=0)
        self.MiddleFrame.grid(row=5)
        self.BottomFrame.grid(row=6)

        buttonQ = Button(self.BottomFrame, text="Quit", command=quit)
        buttonS = Button(self.BottomFrame, text="Save", command=self.saveToFile)
        buttonS.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10)
        buttonQ.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10)
def Function(self):
    self.grid = []
    for i in range(5):
        row = []
        for j in range(5):
            row.append(Button(self.TopFrame,width=6,height=3,command=lambda i=i, j=j: self.getClick(i, j),background='gray'))
            row[-1].grid(row=i,column=j)
        self.grid.append(row)
    row2 = []
    for k in range(4):
        row2.append(Button(self.MiddleFrame,width=6,height=3,command=lambda i=5, k=k: self.getClick(i, k),background='gray'))
        row2[-1].grid(row=6,column=k, pady=10)  

def getClick(self, i, j):
    orig_color = self.grid[i][j].cget('bg')
    if orig_color=="red":
        self.grid[i][j]["bg"]="gray"
    else:
        self.grid[i][j]["bg"]="red"

def saveToFile(self):
    myFile=open("example.txt", 'w')
    for line in range(5):
        for column in range(5):
            bg_color = self.grid[line][column].cget('bg')
            if bg_color == "red":
                myFile.write("1 ")
            else:
                myFile.write("0 ")
        myFile.write("\n")
    for column in range(4):
        bg_color2 = self.grid[5][column].cget('bg')
        if bg_color2 == "red":
            myFile.write("1 ")
        else:
            myFile.write("0 ")
    myFile.write("\n")
    myFile.close()
    myFile = open("example.txt",'r')
    print(myFile.read())
    myFile.close()

root = Tk()
app = App(root)
app.Function()
root.mainloop()

但问题是来自中间网格的按钮在点击时不会改变它们的颜色并返回此错误:

line 1699, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
line 28, in <lambda>
    row2.append(Button(self.MiddleFrame,width=6,height=3,command=lambda i=5, k=k: self.getClick(i, k),background='gray'))
line 32, in getClick
    orig_color = self.grid[i][j].cget('bg')
IndexError: list index out of range

还有当我按下 Save 按钮时:

  line 1699, in __call__
return self.func(*args)  
line 39, in saveToFile
    myFile=open("example.txt", 'w')
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'example.txt'

我做错了什么？

Answer 1

对于第一个错误，我认为你需要添加:

self.grid.append(row2)

在 Function 函数末尾的第 55 行第 11 列中，因为这会将其添加到您的 self.grid 对象并允许在 self.getClick 中访问按钮。

第二个错误通常发生在您自己打开文本文件时。尝试关闭它，看看是否有帮助