tomcat - Netbeans:启动 Tomcat 失败

Question

我正在使用 Murach 的 Java Servlets 和 JSP:第 3 版中的说明。在我的 Mac 上设置 Netbeans、Tomcat 和 MySQL 的教科书。除了运行 Tomcat 之外，一切正常。我已经尝试了我能找到的所有相关解决方案(更改端口号、检查 localhost:8080、重新启动等)，但我继续收到类似这些的错误消息(我正在粘贴 Netbeans 创建的所有三个日志):

Starting Tomcat process...
Waiting for Tomcat...
Starting of Tomcat failed.
/Users/username/Programming/murach/servlet_and_jsp/netbeans/book_apps/ch02email/nbproject/build-impl.xml:1045: Deployment error: Starting of Tomcat failed.
See the server log for details.
BUILD FAILED (total time: 5 seconds)

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在下面的更新中编辑了第二个日志。

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25-Feb-2017 10:52:01.036 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 10:52:01.039 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 10:56:20.738 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 10:56:20.739 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 10:56:21.153 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 10:56:21.154 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 10:56:57.631 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 10:56:57.633 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 10:56:58.028 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 10:56:58.029 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:03:33.511 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:03:33.512 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:03:33.954 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:03:33.954 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:04:55.741 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:04:55.742 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:04:56.266 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:04:56.267 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:07:47.921 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:07:47.921 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:07:48.269 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:07:48.270 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:10:47.597 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:10:47.597 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:10:47.938 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:10:47.938 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:26:32.913 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:26:32.914 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:26:33.299 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:26:33.300 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:33:02.424 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:33:02.425 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:33:02.830 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:33:02.830 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 11:37:40.206 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 11:37:40.206 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 12:00:38.512 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 12:00:38.512 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 12:00:38.911 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 12:00:38.912 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 12:02:02.486 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 12:02:02.486 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 12:02:02.900 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 12:02:02.901 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 12:15:11.097 INFO [localhost-startStop-2] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 12:15:11.097 INFO [localhost-startStop-2] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 12:55:27.480 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 12:55:27.480 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 12:55:27.850 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 12:55:27.850 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 12:55:43.461 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 12:55:43.461 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 12:55:43.768 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 12:55:43.768 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 12:59:14.284 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 12:59:14.284 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:06:51.106 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:06:51.106 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:06:51.393 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 13:06:51.395 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 13:06:54.234 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:06:54.234 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:06:54.480 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 13:06:54.481 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 13:07:27.585 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:07:27.586 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:07:27.852 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 13:07:27.853 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 13:07:56.290 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:07:56.290 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:07:56.581 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 13:07:56.581 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 13:08:06.413 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:08:06.413 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextInitialized()
25-Feb-2017 13:08:06.701 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
25-Feb-2017 13:08:06.701 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log ContextListener: contextDestroyed()

如有任何帮助，我们将不胜感激!

更新:我卸载了 Tomcat，重新启动了我的计算机，重新安装了 Tomcat，并尝试运行相同的程序。我知道问题出在我的设置上，因为该程序是从教科书出版商下载的示例。

每当我尝试运行该程序时，在我的浏览器中转到 localhost:8080 就可以正常工作，所以我相信 Tomcat 实际上正在启动，只是出于某种原因没有与 Netbeans 一起工作。

第一个错误目前是相同的，但第二个现在看起来像这样:

25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.178 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version:        Apache Tomcat/8.5.11
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.181 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Jan 10 2017 21:02:52 UTC
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.181 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number:         8.5.11.0
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.181 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Mac OS X
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.182 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            10.12.3
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.182 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture:          x86_64
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.182 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home:             /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.182 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version:           1.8.0_121-b13
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.182 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor:            Oracle Corporation
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.182 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE:         /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.182 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME:         /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.183 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/conf/logging.properties
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.183 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.183 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dhttp.nonProxyHosts=localhost|127.0.0.1|Users-Mac-mini.local
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.183 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.183 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.183 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.183 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.184 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/temp
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.184 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: /Users/username/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java:.
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.883 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.953 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.959 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.968 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
25-Feb-2017 13:48:08.969 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Initialization processed in 1818 ms
25-Feb-2017 13:48:09.059 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service Catalina
25-Feb-2017 13:48:09.059 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.11
25-Feb-2017 13:48:09.074 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/webapps/docs
25-Feb-2017 13:48:09.602 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/webapps/docs has finished in 527 ms
25-Feb-2017 13:48:09.603 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/webapps/examples
25-Feb-2017 13:48:10.305 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/webapps/examples has finished in 703 ms
25-Feb-2017 13:48:10.306 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/webapps/host-manager
25-Feb-2017 13:48:10.358 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/webapps/host-manager has finished in 52 ms
25-Feb-2017 13:48:10.359 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/webapps/manager
25-Feb-2017 13:48:10.419 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/webapps/manager has finished in 59 ms
25-Feb-2017 13:48:10.419 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/webapps/ROOT
25-Feb-2017 13:48:10.469 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory /Users/username/Applications/tomcat-8.0/webapps/ROOT has finished in 50 ms
25-Feb-2017 13:48:10.473 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler [http-nio-8080]
25-Feb-2017 13:48:10.479 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler [ajp-nio-8009]
25-Feb-2017 13:48:10.480 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 1510 ms

Answer 1

这个问题让我沮丧了好几个星期，但今天我终于解决了。据我所知，教科书说明不再完全适用于 MacOS Sierra。如果其他人遇到类似的问题，这里是我使用的步骤:

1. 为 Java EE 安装了 NetBeans(安装程序说“剩余安装时间:不到一分钟”好久了。我只是不管它，它最终完成了安装。)
2. 下载并解压缩 Apache Tomcat 9(我最终将其放在存储其他服务器文件夹的同一文件夹中，并没有按照书中的说明重命名。)
3. 主要按照书中的说明配置 Tomcat 服务器，但使用服务器端口 8081，因为另一台服务器正在使用 8080。再次使用默认名称。
4. 按照书中的说明下载了 Murach 示例文件，但在注册了三次之后，网站仍然无法识别我之前注册过的内容。
5. 按照书中的说明打开第 2 章中的示例文件。

这是解决我的问题的主要部分:Sierra 中的系统代理设置。感谢https://discussions.apple.com/message/30715103#30715103我终于修好了。以下是我使用的步骤:

1. 在 Mac 上:系统偏好设置-->网络--> 选择你的 wifi 连接-->高级-->代理选择 Auto Proxy Discovery(链接说要选择几个选项，但这是我系统中唯一保持选中状态的选项，所以我认为其他选项不是必需的)
2. 在 Netbeans 中:首选项-->常规-->选择“使用系统代理设置”-->单击重新加载-->单击测试连接

在 Test Connection 旁边出现绿色复选标记后，我第一次能够毫无问题地运行第 2 章中的示例程序。

导入其他项目文件后仍然存在一些遗留问题。到目前为止，有一个 .jar 文件需要手动链接，可能是因为我使用的是 Tomcat 9 而不是 Tomcat 8？不管怎样，轻松搞定。此外，我收到一些示例的警告:

warning: [options] bootstrap class path not set in conjunction with -source 1.6
1 warning

右键单击项目，然后选择属性，并将源/二进制格式从 JDK 6 更改为 JDK 8 解决了此警告。

希望对其他人有所帮助!