python - 如何从 Python 文件中的 XML 类标签中查找字符串？

Question

我有一个 RDF 文档，如下所示:

<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" 
 xmlns:cd="http:xyz.com#">

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http:xyz.com#">
    <cd:algorithmid>DPOT-5ab247867d368</cd:algorithmid>
    <cd:owner>arun</cd:owner>
    <cd:acesskey>ACCESS-5ab247867d370</cd:acesskey>
    <cd:purpose>Research</cd:purpose>
    <cd:metadata>10</cd:metadata>
    <cd:completeness>Partial</cd:completeness>
    <cd:completeness>Yes</cd:completeness>
    <cd:inclusion_1>age</cd:inclusion_1>
    <cd:feature_1>Sex</cd:feature_1>
    <cd:target>Diagnosis</cd:target>
</rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF> 

从上面的文本中，我需要提取目标(即只有开始和结束“cd:target”标签内的值)。所需的输出应该是“诊断”。我尝试使用 XML 解析器，但它不起作用，因为树包含“:”。请问有什么更好的解决办法吗？

更新:这是我试过的，很抱歉天真的编码风格。

import xml.etree.ElementTree as et

def metadataParser(metadataFile):
    with open(metadataFile, 'r') as m:
        data = m.read() 
        # Load the xml content from a string
        content = et.fromstring(data)       
        description = content.find('rdf:Description')
        target = description.find("cd:target")

    return target   


target = metadataParser('metadata.rdf')
print(target)

Answer 1

您可以使用 BeautifulSoup模块及其 XML parser .

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

XML = '''
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" 
 xmlns:cd="http:xyz.com#">

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http:xyz.com#">
    <cd:algorithmid>DPOT-5ab247867d368</cd:algorithmid>
    <cd:owner>arun</cd:owner>
    <cd:acesskey>ACCESS-5ab247867d370</cd:acesskey>
    <cd:purpose>Research</cd:purpose>
    <cd:metadata>10</cd:metadata>
    <cd:completeness>Partial</cd:completeness>
    <cd:completeness>Yes</cd:completeness>
    <cd:inclusion_1>age</cd:inclusion_1>
    <cd:feature_1>Sex</cd:feature_1>
    <cd:target>Diagnosis</cd:target>
</rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>'''

soup = BeautifulSoup(XML, 'xml')

target = soup.find('target').text
print(target)
# Diagnosis

如您所见，它非常易于使用。