Python - 从文件夹中的所有文件中删除重音

Question

我正在尝试从文件夹中的所有编码文件中删除所有重音符号。我已经成功构建了文件列表，问题是当我尝试使用 unicodedata 进行规范化时出现错误:** 追溯(最后一次通话): __run 中的文件“/usr/lib/gedit-2/plugins/pythonconsole/console.py”，第 336 行 在 self.namespace 中执行命令 文件“”，第 2 行，位于UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' 编解码器无法解码位置 25 中的字节 0xf3:无效的连续字节 **

if options.remove_nonascii:
    nERROR = 0
    print _("# Removing all acentuation from coding files in %s") % (options.folder)
    exts = ('.f90', '.f', '.cpp', '.c', '.hpp', '.h', '.py'); files=set()
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(options.folder):
        for filename in (f for f in filenames if f.endswith(exts)):
            files.add(os.path.join(dirpath,filename))   
    for i in range(len(files)):
        f = files.pop() ;
        os.rename(f,f+'.BACK')
        with open(f,'w') as File:
            for line in open(f+'.BACK').readlines():
                try:
                    newLine = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',unicode(line)).encode('ascii','ignore')
                    File.write(newLine)
                except UnicodeDecodeError:
                    nERROR +=1
                    print "ERROR n %i - Could not remove from Line: %i" % (nERROR,i)
                    newLine = line
                    File.write(newLine)

Answer 1

看起来文件可能是使用 cp1252 编解码器编码的:

In [18]: print('\xf3'.decode('cp1252'))
ó

unicode(line) 失败，因为 unicode 正在尝试使用 utf-8 编解码器解码 line相反，因此出现错误 UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode...。

您可以先尝试用 cp1252 解码 line，如果失败，再尝试 utf-8:

if options.remove_nonascii:
    nERROR = 0
    print _("# Removing all acentuation from coding files in %s") % (options.folder)
    exts = ('.f90', '.f', '.cpp', '.c', '.hpp', '.h', '.py'); files=set()
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(options.folder):
        for filename in (f for f in filenames if f.endswith(exts)):
            files.add(os.path.join(dirpath,filename))   
    for i,f in enumerate(files):
        os.rename(f,f+'.BACK')
        with open(f,'w') as fout:
            with open(f+'.BACK','r') as fin:
                for line fin:
                    try:
                        try:
                            line=line.decode('cp1252')
                        except UnicodeDecodeError:
                            line=line.decode('utf-8')
                            # If this still raises an UnicodeDecodeError, let the outer
                            # except block handle it
                        newLine = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',line).encode('ascii','ignore')
                        fout.write(newLine)
                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
                        nERROR +=1
                        print "ERROR n %i - Could not remove from Line: %i" % (nERROR,i)
                        newLine = line
                        fout.write(newLine)

顺便说一下，

unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',line).encode('ascii','ignore')

有点危险。例如，它完全删除了 u'ß' 和一些引号:

In [23]: unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',u'ß').encode('ascii','ignore')
Out[23]: ''

In [24]: unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',u'‘’“”').encode('ascii','ignore')
Out[24]: ''

如果这是个问题，请使用 unidecode module :

In [25]: import unidecode
In [28]: print(unidecode.unidecode(u'‘’“”ß'))
''""ss