python - 使用 ord 和 chr 移动字母

Question

我正在尝试做一个函数，将每个单词中的每个字母按值向右移动这些词来自一个列表，我将使用“打开”功能打开它我写了代码，我在这里遇到了一些困难这是我的代码

def test():
value=eval(input("Value here!"))
with open ("word-text.txt","r") as f:
    for ord in (f):
        print (ord)
        for chr in ord:
            print (chr)
            #nice=(chr[len(ord)+value])
        ''.join([chr(ord(i)+2) for i in s])
        print (i)

这是我得到的结果

Value here!2
apples

a
p
p
l
e
s


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#54>", line 1, in <module>
    test()
  File "/Users/user/Desktop/Outlook(1)/lab6.py", line 59, in test
    ''.join([chr(ord(i)+2) for i in s])
NameError: global name 's' is not defined

我有以下单词的列表苹果橘子西瓜奇异果夏南瓜胡萝卜秋葵辣椒胡椒 cucumber 香蕉当我使用这段代码时

ef test():
value=eval(input("Value here!"))
with open ("word-text.txt","r") as f:
    for ord in (f):
        print (ord)
        for chr in ord:
            print (chr)
            nice=(chr[len(ord)+value])
            print (nice)

我得到了这个输出

Value here!2
apples

a
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#56>", line 1, in <module>
    test()
  File "/Users/user/Desktop/Outlook(1)/lab6.py", line 58, in test
    nice=(chr[len(ord)+value])
IndexError: string index out of range
>>> 

我在这里做错了什么？以及最好使用哪种代码，以使其正常工作

谢谢

Answer 1

虽然您的方法大体上是正确的，但正如其他人所指出的那样，它存在一些问题。由于您似乎无法理解该做什么以及如何解决问题，我整理了您的代码(在这里和那里进行了一些编辑)并大量记录了我对您的代码的编辑，以便您了解什么方法应该是:

def test():
    value=input("Value here!") #eval is bad AND dangerous practice. Avoid using it.
    with open ("word-text.txt","r") as f:
        #At this point you can do one of two things:
        #1) read the entire file line by line
        #2) read the entire file into a list, and loop/iterate over that list
        #In this example, I'll read the file line by line:
        nice_strings = []
        for line in f:
            line = line.strip() #remove any extraneous whitespace from the line (e.g. spaces and newlines)
            nice_str_chars = []
            #At this point, you want to read EACH character in the line
            #N.B.: ord is the name of a built-in function. Use another name like `char` (below):
            for char in line:
                #Since you're in this loop, you are dealing with EACH individual character of each line
                #And, as you want to "shift" the character by some number of places
                #Python doesn't allow you to natively shift strings by arbitrary amounts,
                #so, the only way we can do so is to convert EACH character into its numeric representation.
                #In order to do so, you have to use the `ord` function which converts characters into
                #their respective integer representation.
                int_of_char = ord(char)
                #At this point, the character has been converted to it's integer equivalent
                #NOW, you can "shift" it. In other words, add the value to the `int_of_char`:
                int_of_char += value #update the value of the variable
                #At this point, the value has been modified, and the INTEGER value of the character has been
                #shifted. However, we don't want the shifted INTEGER value: we want the shifted CHARACTER value.
                #So, how do we convert integers to characters? Python has a builtin function called `chr` which
                #does exactly that.
                #So, let's convert the shifted INTEGER to a shifted CHARACTER using `chr`:
                nice_char = chr(int_of_char)
                #print it out the original and modified characters so you can see what's in the string (this step is optional)
                print char, '=>', nice_char
                #At this point we've successfully shifted the character. However, since this is just A character of the original
                #string, we need a way to save the updated characters as a string. There are a number of ways to do this.
                #For simplicity, we can use a list `nice_str_chars`:
                nice_str_chars.append(nice_char)
            #At this point we've looped over all the characters in ONE LINE, and we've calculated and stored the shifted
            #characters for that same line. However, since we've stored the characters in a list: `nice_str_chars`, we
            #have to convert it to a string. We can do that using the `join` method on an empty string, with 
            #`nice_str_chars` as the list (as we want to join the characters of the list into a string):
            nice_str = ''.join(nice_str_chars)
            #And, since you want to shift ALL the lines, you ought to append the corrected line to a list that can later be
            #returned:
            nice_strings.append(nice_str)
            #you can print it out if necessary:
            print line, '=>', nice_str, '\n'
        #At this point, you've successfully looped over the entire file, shifted all lines by a user entered integer amount,
        #now, all you have to do is return it, or do something else with them (i.e. write the updated strings to another file).
        #That part, I'll leave up to you.
        return nice_strings

这种方法的唯一问题是它不是循环的(即 - 它不会返回:例如 z 移动 3 不会变成 c)，因为这些值将超过它们各自字符集的上限(如下面的 OUTPUT 部分所示)。而且，如果输入的值非常大(即大于您正在使用的字符集的范围)，您将得到乱码。

但是，我不知道这是否是您的问题所必需的(这可能不是因为您基本上是按照您之前的问题建议对密码进行原始加密)，但我尽管如此，我还是想提一下。

输出:

Value here!2
a => c
p => r
p => r
l => n
e => g
s => u
apples => crrngu 

o => q
r => t
a => c
n => p
g => i
e => g
s => u
oranges => qtcpigu 

w => y
a => c
t => v
e => g
r => t
m => o
e => g
l => n
o => q
n => p
watermelon => ycvgtognqp 

k => m
i => k
w => y
i => k
kiwi => mkyk 

z => |
u => w
c => e
c => e
h => j
i => k
n => p
i => k
zucchini => |weejkpk 

c => e
a => c
r => t
r => t
o => q
t => v
carrot => ecttqv 

o => q
k => m
r => t
a => c
okra => qmtc 

j => l
a => c
l => n
a => c
p => r
e => g
n => p
o => q
jalapeno => lcncrgpq 

p => r
e => g
p => r
p => r
e => g
r => t
pepper => rgrrgt 

c => e
u => w
c => e
u => w
m => o
b => d
e => g
r => t
cucumber => ewewodgt 

b => d
a => c
n => p
a => c
n => p
a => c
banana => dcpcpc