Django - 在测试中获取用户对象

Question

我有一个像这样的 models.py:

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


# everything has a colour...
class Colour(models.Model):
    colour = models.CharField(max_length=100)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.colour


# a thing can have a colour...
class Thing(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=155)
    colour = models.ForeignKey(Colour)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name


# a user can save his choices
class UserLikes(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User)
    colour = models.ForeignKey(Colour)
    thing = models.ForeignKey(Thing)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "User Likes"

    def __unicode__(self):
        return '%d - %s' % (self.pk, self.user)

在我看来:

def ThingPicker(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ThingForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            colour = form.cleaned_data['colour']
            thing = form.cleaned_data['thing']
            likes = UserLikes(user=request.user, colour=colour, thing=thing)
            likes.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/profile/')
        else:
            return render_to_response('thing_picker.html', {
                'form': form,
            }, RequestContext(request))
    else:
        form = ThingForm()
        return render_to_response('thing_picker.html', {
            'form': form,
        }, RequestContext(request))

在我的 tests.py 中，我想做这样的事情(已编辑):

class ViewTests(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.client = Client()      

    def test_thingpicker(self):
        User.objects.create_superuser('foo', 'myemail@test.com', 'bar')
        self.client.login(username='foo', password='bar') # request.user is now user foo

        response = self.client.post('/colours/things/', {'colour': 1, 'thing': 2})
        userlike = UserLikes.objects.get(pk=1)
        self.assertEqual(userlike.colour_id, 1)

我得到一个错误:

DoesNotExist: UserLikes matching query does not exist.

如果我在 shell 中尝试使用测试客户端:

>>>  c = Client()
>>>  user1 = User.objects.create_superuser('foo', 'myemail@test.com', 'bar')
>>>  c.login(username='foo', password='bar')
>>>  c.post('/colours/things/', {'user': user1, 'colour': 1, 'thing': 2})
>>>  userlike = UserLikes.objects.get(pk=1)
>>>  userlike.colour_id
1L

我得到了预期的结果。

Answer 1

您的 View 代码有些奇怪(意外剪切和粘贴？)，但来自以下代码行:

likes = UserLikes(user=request.user, colour=colour, thing=thing)

我猜你得到的是当前登录的用户。要从测试用例中正确获取新创建的 super 用户，您应该这样做:

def test_thingpicker(self):
    user1 = User.objects.create_user('foo', 'myemail@test.com', 'bar')

    self.client.login(username='foo', password='bar') # request.user is now user foo

    response = self.client.post('/colours/things/', {'colour': 1, 'thing': 2})
    userlike = UserLikes.objects.get(user=user1, color=1, thing=2)

此外，您应该注意 request.user 可能是 AnonymousUser(请参阅 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/auth/#django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser )，因此您应该在创建 UserLikes 之前检查用户是否已登录。

您可以使用 @login_required 装饰器 (https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/auth/#the-login-required-decorator) 或手动检查 request.user.is_authenticated() (https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/auth/#django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractBaseUser.is_anonymous)。

为什么没有创建 UserLikes

从 View :

colour = form.cleaned_data['colour']
thing = form.cleaned_data['thing']
likes = UserLikes(user=request.user, colour=colour, thing=thing)

请注意，UserLikes 的模型定义将 ForeignKey 用于 Color 和 Thing。我猜测表单中的 colour 和 thing 是一个 IntegerField，因此您需要检索实际的 Color 和 Thing 对象。

color = Colour.objects.get(pk=form.cleaned_data['colour'])
thing = Thing.objects.get(pk=form.cleaned_data['thing'])
likes = UserLikes(user=request.user, colour=colour, thing=thing)

当然，您需要确保之前已经创建了Color 和Thing 对象。