Grails 集成测试 - getBean() 的空对象

Question

我不明白为什么我的集成测试会抛出异常。

集成测试##

package sample

import grails.test.mixin.*
import org.junit.*

/**
 * See the API for {@link grails.test.mixin.web.ControllerUnitTestMixin} for usage instructions
 */
@TestFor(UserController)
class UserControllerTests extends GroovyTestCase {

 User user
 UserController uc

 void setUp() {
    //Save a User
     user = new User(userName: "User1", firstName: "User1FN", lastName: "User1LN")
     user.save()

     //Set up UserController
     uc = new UserController()
 }

 void tearDown() {
     user.delete()
 }

 /**
  * Test the UserController.handleLogin action.
  * 
  * If the login succeeds, it will put the user object into the session.
  */

 void testHandleLogin() {
     //Setup controller paramaters
     uc.params.userName = user.userName

     //Call the action
     uc.handleLogin()

     //if the action functioned correctly, it put a user object into the session
     def sessUser = uc.session.user
     assert sessUser
     assertEquals("Expected ids to match", user.id, sessUser.id)
     //And the user was redirected to the Todo Page
     assertTrue uc.response.redirectedUrl.startsWith("/todo")
 }

 /**
  * Test the UserController.handleLogin action.
  * 
  * If the login fails, it will redirect to login and set a flash message.
  * 
  */

 void testHandleLoginInvalidUser() {
    //Setup controller parameters
     uc.params.userName = "Invalid_Name"

     //Call the action
     uc.handleLogin()
     assertEquals "/user/login", uc.response.redirectedUrl
     def message = uc.flash.message
     assert message
     assert message.startsWith("User not found")
 }

 /*
  * Test the UserController.logout action
  * 
  * If the logout action succeeds, it will remove the user object from the session.
  */
 void testLogout (){
     //Make a user logged into session
     uc.session.user = user


     //Call the action
     uc.logout()
     def sessUser = uc.session.user
     assertNull ("Expected session user to be null", sessUser)
     assertEquals "/user/login", uc.response.redirectedUrl
 }

}

测试控制台输出

| Loading Grails 2.2.3
| Configuring classpath.
| Environment set to test.....
| Packaging Grails application.....
| Packaging Grails application.....
| Compiling 1 source files.
| Running 3 integration tests... 1 of 3
| Running 3 integration tests... 2 of 3
| Failure:  testHandleLoginInvalidUser(sample.UserControllerTests)
|  java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke method getBean() on null object
    at grails.test.mixin.web.ControllerUnitTestMixin$_mockController_closure3.doCall(ControllerUnitTestMixin.groovy:304)
    at grails.test.mixin.web.ControllerUnitTestMixin.mockController(ControllerUnitTestMixin.groovy:311)
| Failure:  testHandleLoginInvalidUser(sample.UserControllerTests)
|  java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke method delete() on null object
    at sample.UserControllerTests.tearDown(UserControllerTests.groovy:25)
| Running 3 integration tests... 3 of 3
| Failure:  testLogout(sample.UserControllerTests)
|  java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke method getBean() on null object
    at grails.test.mixin.web.ControllerUnitTestMixin$_mockController_closure3.doCall(ControllerUnitTestMixin.groovy:304)
    at grails.test.mixin.web.ControllerUnitTestMixin.mockController(ControllerUnitTestMixin.groovy:311)
| Failure:  testLogout(sample.UserControllerTests)
|  java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke method delete() on null object
    at sample.UserControllerTests.tearDown(UserControllerTests.groovy:25)
| Failure:  sample.UserControllerTests
|  java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke method isActive() on null object
    at grails.test.mixin.support.GrailsUnitTestMixin.shutdownApplicationContext(GrailsUnitTestMixin.groovy:234)

|完成 3 个集成测试，5 个在 980ms 内失败

Answer 1

您在集成测试中使用单元测试注释 - 这会导致很多问题。通常，在进行集成测试时，如果您想使用 JUnit3 样式的测试，或者不使用任何东西并使用 JUnit4 注释，或者使用 Spock 并扩展 IntegrationSpec，则扩展 GroovyTestCase。

至于 NPE，无论您使用的是适当的单元测试还是集成测试，您都需要自己管理 Controller 的依赖项，因为您使用 new 显式创建它并且不作为访问它预接线的 Spring bean。但是集成测试确实支持依赖注入(inject)，因此只需在 Controller 中为您需要的任何内容添加测试字段，并且在 setUp 或您可以在 Controller 中设置这些 bean 的单独方法中，例如

class UserControllerTests extends GroovyTestCase {

   def grailsApplication
   def someSpringBean
   def someOtherSpringBean
   private UserController uc = new UserController()

   protected void setUp() {
      super.setUp()
      user = new User(userName: "User1", firstName: "User1FN", lastName: "User1LN").save()

      //Set up UserController
      uc.applicationContext = grailsApplication.mainContext
      uc.someSpringBean = someSpringBean
      uc.someOtherSpringBean = someOtherSpringBean
   }
...

另请注意，您不需要在 tearDown() 中清理数据 - 集成测试在测试方法结束时回滚的事务中运行。