python - centos无法安装mysqlclient

Question

我正在构建一个 Django 应用程序，我需要为其配置 mysql。我正在尝试为 sql 连接安装 mysqlclient 模块，这就是我正在尝试的

pip install mysqlclient --no-cache-dir

它抛出以下错误。链接到 gcc 库时抛出错误。

Collecting mysqlclient
  Downloading mysqlclient-1.3.12.tar.gz (89kB)
    100% |################################| 92kB 4.0MB/s 
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
    Complete output from command /home/admin/awx.varadev.com/awxenv/bin/python2 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-6m2TNP/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-WFoARo-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/admin/awx.varadev.com/awxenv/include/site/python2.7/mysqlclient:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building '_mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,3,12,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.12 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o
    In file included from /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:6:0,
                     from /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h:8,
                     from _mysql.c:32:
    /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig-64.h:1188:0: warning: "_POSIX_C_SOURCE" redefined [enabled by default]
     #define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200112L
     ^
    In file included from /usr/include/sys/types.h:25:0,
                     from /usr/include/mysql/mysql.h:38,
                     from _mysql.c:29:
    /usr/include/features.h:168:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
     # define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
     ^
    In file included from /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:6:0,
                     from /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h:8,
                     from _mysql.c:32:
    /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig-64.h:1210:0: warning: "_XOPEN_SOURCE" redefined [enabled by default]
     #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
     ^
    In file included from /usr/include/sys/types.h:25:0,
                     from /usr/include/mysql/mysql.h:38,
                     from _mysql.c:29:
    /usr/include/features.h:170:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
     # define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
     ^
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-z,relro build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o -L/usr/lib64 -L/usr/lib64 -lmariadb -lpthread -lz -ldl -lm -lssl -lcrypto -lpython2.7 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.so
    /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lmariadb
    collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/home/admin/awx.varadev.com/awxenv/bin/python2 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-6m2TNP/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-WFoARo-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/admin/awx.varadev.com/awxenv/include/site/python2.7/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-6m2TNP/mysqlclient/

这个 gcc 默认功能是链接 mysql 的库文件吗？我用谷歌搜索了这个，它显示 gcc 需要作为 .so 文件，我需要与某个位置进行符号链接(symbolic link)。我在我的服务器上运行 mariadb 10.9，但我没有在我的系统中找到任何这样的文件.

Answer 1

在 CentOS 7 + MariaDB 10.2 中解决

我遇到了同样的问题，我想贡献我的答案。我刚刚在运行 CentOS 7 的 2 台服务器上安装了 MariaDB (10.2.14-MariaDB MariaDB Server).

$ cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

$ mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is XXXX
Server version: 10.2.14-MariaDB MariaDB Server

我已经安装了 MariaDB，这个包:

$ yum list installed | grep mariadb
MariaDB-client.x86_64                   10.3.13-1.el7.centos           @mariadb
MariaDB-common.x86_64                   10.3.13-1.el7.centos           @mariadb
MariaDB-compat.x86_64                   10.3.13-1.el7.centos           @mariadb
MariaDB-server.x86_64                   10.3.13-1.el7.centos           @mariadb
galera.x86_64                           25.3.25-1.rhel7.el7.centos     @mariadb

我发现问题是mysqlclient需要mysql-devel包，这和mariadb-devel不同。 不要安装 mariadb-devel!

因此，要只安装 mysql-devel，您需要:

1。删除任何 MariaDB-devel

$ sudo yum erase MariaDB-devel.x86_64

2。在 yum 中添加 MySQL 存储库

1. 转到 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/并为您的 CentOS 选择 RPM 文件(对我来说，我选择 “Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7/Oracle Linux 7(架构Independent), RPM Package”。点击“下载”。)
2. 无需注册即可下载，复制底部链接“不，谢谢，开始我的下载”。
3. 转到您的终端并输入:

$ wget link-to-rpm-you-choose

1. 下载完成后，输入:

$ sudo rpm -Uvh your-rpm-downloaded

3。现在，安装 mysql-devel

1. 输入(这是我的版本，看你的):

$ sudo yum install mysql-community-devel.x86_64

4。现在，终于:mysqlclient

1. 类型:

$  sudo pip install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
  Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored
  Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f4/f1/3bb6f64ca7a429729413e6556b7ba5976df06019a5245a43d36032f1061e/mysqlclient-1.4.2.post1.tar.gz (85kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 758kB/s
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... done
Successfully installed mysqlclient-1.4.2.post1
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 19.0.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

就是这样!它就像一个魅力，现在我可以使用 Python + Django + MariaDB/MySQL

哦，mysqlclient 是 Django 推荐的连接器。请参阅:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/databases/#mysql-db-api-drivers

祝你好运，再见! :-)