ruby-on-rails - Rspec 没有看到我的模型类。未初始化常量错误

Question

我在 Rspec 上为我在 Ruby on Rails 应用程序中的模型编写测试。我在启动“rspec spec”时收到此错误

command:
/spec/models/client_spec.rb:4:in `<top (required)>': uninitialized constant Client (NameError)

我使用 Rails 4.0.0 和 Ruby 2.0.0

这是我的 client_spec.rb:

require 'spec_helper'


describe Client do

  it 'is invalid without first_name', :focus => true do
     client = Client.new
     client.should_not be_valid
  end
end

和 Gemfile:

source 'https://rubygems.org'

# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.0.0.rc1'

# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
gem 'sqlite3'

# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 4.0.0.rc1'

# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'

# Use CoffeeScript for .js.coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.0.0'

# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'

# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: 
gem 'turbolinks'

gem 'jbuilder', '~> 1.0.1'

group :development do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
end

group :doc do
  # bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
  gem 'sdoc', require: false
end

group :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails'
  gem 'database_cleaner'
end

最后是 client.rb(ROR 模型和类):

class Client < ActiveRecord::Base

  has_many :cars
  has_many :orders
  has_one :client_status
  has_one :discount_plan, through: :client_status

  validates :email, format: { with: /^[_a-z0-9-]+(\.[_a-z0-9-]+)*@[a-z0-9-]+(\.[a-z0-9-]+)*(\.[a-z]{2,4})\z/, :message => "Only emails allowed", :multiline => true }
  validates :email, presence: true, if: "phone.nil?"
  #validates :phone, presence: true, if: "email.nil?"
  validates :last_name, :first_name, presence: true
  validates :last_name, :first_name, length: {
      minimum: 2,
      maximum: 500,
      wrong_length: "Invalid length",
      too_long: "%{count} characters is the maximum allowed",
      too_short: "must have at least %{count} characters"
     }
end

如果它对我的 spec_helper.rb 文件有用:

# This file was generated by the `rspec --init` command. Conventionally, all
# specs live under a `spec` directory, which RSpec adds to the `$LOAD_PATH`.
# Require this file using `require "spec_helper"` to ensure that it is only
# loaded once.
#
# See http://rubydoc.info/gems/rspec-core/RSpec/Core/Configuration
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.treat_symbols_as_metadata_keys_with_true_values = true
  config.run_all_when_everything_filtered = true
  config.filter_run :focus

  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
  #     --seed 1234
  config.order = 'random'

  #config.use_transactional_fixtures = false

  config.before(:suite) do
    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
    DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
  end

   config.before(:each) do
     DatabaseCleaner.start
   end

   config.after(:each) do
     DatabaseCleaner.clean
   end

  end

Answer 1

在 rails 4.x 及更高版本中(rspec-rails 3.1.0 及更高版本)将此添加到每个规范文件的顶部:

require "rails_helper"  # this

不是

require "spec_helper"   # not this