Django 自定义用户邮箱账户验证

Question

我希望在 Django 中添加电子邮件帐户验证。我曾尝试使用 django-registration 应用程序来这样做，但它似乎没有更新为与导致太多问题的自定义用户模型完全兼容。是否有另一个可靠且有据可查的应用程序可以让我在 django 中发送有关用户注册的验证电子邮件？

Answer 1

我个人如何处理邮箱注册:

首先，我的配置文件扩展 Django 用户(models.py):

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, related_name='profile') #1 to 1 link with Django User
    activation_key = models.CharField(max_length=40)
    key_expires = models.DateTimeField()

在 forms.py 中，注册类:

class RegistrationForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(label="",widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Nom d\'utilisateur','class':'form-control input-perso'}),max_length=30,min_length=3,validators=[isValidUsername, validators.validate_slug])
    email = forms.EmailField(label="",widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Email','class':'form-control input-perso'}),max_length=100,error_messages={'invalid': ("Email invalide.")},validators=[isValidEmail])
    password1 = forms.CharField(label="",max_length=50,min_length=6,
                                widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Mot de passe','class':'form-control input-perso'}))
    password2 = forms.CharField(label="",max_length=50,min_length=6,
                                widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': 'Confirmer mot de passe','class':'form-control input-perso'}))

    #recaptcha = ReCaptchaField()

    #Override clean method to check password match
    def clean(self):
        password1 = self.cleaned_data.get('password1')
        password2 = self.cleaned_data.get('password2')

        if password1 and password1 != password2:
            self._errors['password2'] = ErrorList([u"Le mot de passe ne correspond pas."])

        return self.cleaned_data

    #Override of save method for saving both User and Profile objects
    def save(self, datas):
        u = User.objects.create_user(datas['username'],
                                     datas['email'],
                                     datas['password1'])
        u.is_active = False
        u.save()
        profile=Profile()
        profile.user=u
        profile.activation_key=datas['activation_key']
        profile.key_expires=datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=2), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        profile.save()
        return u

    #Sending activation email ------>>>!! Warning : Domain name is hardcoded below !!<<<------
    #The email is written in a text file (it contains templatetags which are populated by the method below)
    def sendEmail(self, datas):
        link="http://yourdomain.com/activate/"+datas['activation_key']
        c=Context({'activation_link':link,'username':datas['username']})
        f = open(MEDIA_ROOT+datas['email_path'], 'r')
        t = Template(f.read())
        f.close()
        message=t.render(c)
        #print unicode(message).encode('utf8')
        send_mail(datas['email_subject'], message, 'yourdomain <no-reply@yourdomain.com>', [datas['email']], fail_silently=False)

现在，在 views.py 中，我们需要处理所有这些，让我们开始吧:

寄存器 View :

def register(request):
    if request.user.is_authenticated():
        return redirect(home)
    registration_form = RegistrationForm()
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = RegistrationForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            datas={}
            datas['username']=form.cleaned_data['username']
            datas['email']=form.cleaned_data['email']
            datas['password1']=form.cleaned_data['password1']

            #We generate a random activation key
            salt = hashlib.sha1(str(random.random())).hexdigest()[:5]
            usernamesalt = datas['username']
            if isinstance(usernamesalt, unicode):
                usernamesalt = usernamesalt.encode('utf8')
            datas['activation_key']= hashlib.sha1(salt+usernamesalt).hexdigest()

            datas['email_path']="/ActivationEmail.txt"
            datas['email_subject']="Activation de votre compte yourdomain"

            form.sendEmail(datas)
            form.save(datas) #Save the user and his profile

            request.session['registered']=True #For display purposes
            return redirect(home)
        else:
            registration_form = form #Display form with error messages (incorrect fields, etc)
    return render(request, 'siteApp/register.html', locals())

激活 View :

#View called from activation email. Activate user if link didn't expire (48h default), or offer to
#send a second link if the first expired.
def activation(request, key):
    activation_expired = False
    already_active = False
    profile = get_object_or_404(Profile, activation_key=key)
    if profile.user.is_active == False:
        if timezone.now() > profile.key_expires:
            activation_expired = True #Display: offer the user to send a new activation link
            id_user = profile.user.id
        else: #Activation successful
            profile.user.is_active = True
            profile.user.save()

    #If user is already active, simply display error message
    else:
        already_active = True #Display : error message
    return render(request, 'siteApp/activation.html', locals())

def new_activation_link(request, user_id):
    form = RegistrationForm()
    datas={}
    user = User.objects.get(id=user_id)
    if user is not None and not user.is_active:
        datas['username']=user.username
        datas['email']=user.email
        datas['email_path']="/ResendEmail.txt"
        datas['email_subject']="Nouveau lien d'activation yourdomain"

        salt = hashlib.sha1(str(random.random())).hexdigest()[:5]
        usernamesalt = datas['username']
        if isinstance(usernamesalt, unicode):
            usernamesalt = usernamesalt.encode('utf8')
        datas['activation_key']= hashlib.sha1(salt+usernamesalt).hexdigest()

        profile = Profile.objects.get(user=user)
        profile.activation_key = datas['activation_key']
        profile.key_expires = datetime.datetime.strftime(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=2), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        profile.save()

        form.sendEmail(datas)
        request.session['new_link']=True #Display: new link sent

    return redirect(home)

最后，在 urls.py 中:

url(r'^register/$', 'register'),
url(r'^activate/(?P<key>.+)$', 'activation'),
url(r'^new-activation-link/(?P<user_id>\d+)/$', 'new_activation_link'),

有了所有你应该开始的东西，在 .txt 电子邮件和 HTML 中使用适当的模板标签，它应该可以工作。

注意:此代码并不完美，存在重复(例如，随 secret 钥的生成可以在函数中定义)，但它可以完成工作。另外:激活 key 不是使用正确的加密函数生成的。另一种方法是使用如下函数生成 key :

from django.utils.crypto import get_random_string

def generate_activation_key(username):
    chars = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!@#$%^&*(-_=+)'
    secret_key = get_random_string(20, chars)
    return hashlib.sha256((secret_key + username).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()

NB2:Django send_mail 不提供任何工具来验证您的电子邮件。如果你想验证你的电子邮件(DKIM，SPF)，我建议你看看这个:https://djangosnippets.org/snippets/1995/

NB3: View new_activation_link 存在安全问题:它应该检查请求重新发送的用户是否正确，以及他是否尚未通过身份验证。我让你改正。