python - 在已编译的 PyQt4 Qt Designer 上显示来自操作工具栏的弹出窗口

Question

因此，我尝试构建一个应用程序并努力研究如何将一个操作连接到另一个对话框窗口。我搜索了它，但只找到了一个不是用 Qt Designer 构建的窗口的解决方案。我用 Qt Designer 设计了它，并将 .ui 编译为 .py 格式。

这是我的第一个窗口:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'home.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt4 UI code generator 4.11.4
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
from howto import Ui_HowToDialog

try:
    _fromUtf8 = QtCore.QString.fromUtf8
except AttributeError:
    def _fromUtf8(s):
        return s

try:
    _encoding = QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8
    def _translate(context, text, disambig):
        return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig, _encoding)
except AttributeError:
    def _translate(context, text, disambig):
        return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig)

class Ui_HomeWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, HomeWindow):
        HomeWindow.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("HomeWindow"))
        HomeWindow.resize(1106, 259)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily(_fromUtf8("Consolas"))
        HomeWindow.setFont(font)
        icon = QtGui.QIcon()
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(_fromUtf8(":/resources/plottwist.png")), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        HomeWindow.setWindowIcon(icon)
        HomeWindow.setLayoutDirection(QtCore.Qt.LeftToRight)
        self.centralwidget = QtGui.QWidget(HomeWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("centralwidget"))
        self.horizontalLayout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("horizontalLayout"))
        self.homeBrowser = QtGui.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily(_fromUtf8("Consolas"))
        self.homeBrowser.setFont(font)
        self.homeBrowser.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("homeBrowser"))
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.homeBrowser)
        HomeWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.statusbar = QtGui.QStatusBar(HomeWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("statusbar"))
        HomeWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
        self.homeToolbar = QtGui.QToolBar(HomeWindow)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily(_fromUtf8("Consolas"))
        font.setPointSize(10)
        self.homeToolbar.setFont(font)
        self.homeToolbar.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.PointingHandCursor))
        self.homeToolbar.setLayoutDirection(QtCore.Qt.LeftToRight)
        self.homeToolbar.setToolButtonStyle(QtCore.Qt.ToolButtonTextUnderIcon)
        self.homeToolbar.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("homeToolbar"))
        HomeWindow.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.LeftToolBarArea, self.homeToolbar)
        self.actionOpenDataset = QtGui.QAction(HomeWindow)
        icon1 = QtGui.QIcon()
        icon1.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(_fromUtf8(":/resources/dataset.png")), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        self.actionOpenDataset.setIcon(icon1)
        self.actionOpenDataset.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("actionOpenDataset"))
        self.actionHowTo = QtGui.QAction(HomeWindow)
        self.actionHowTo.triggered.connect(self.showHowto)
        icon2 = QtGui.QIcon()
        icon2.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(_fromUtf8(":/resources/howto.png")), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        self.actionHowTo.setIcon(icon2)
        self.actionHowTo.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("actionHowTo"))
        self.actionAbout = QtGui.QAction(HomeWindow)
        icon3 = QtGui.QIcon()
        icon3.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(_fromUtf8(":/resources/about.png")), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        self.actionAbout.setIcon(icon3)
        self.actionAbout.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("actionAbout"))
        self.homeToolbar.addAction(self.actionOpenDataset)
        self.homeToolbar.addAction(self.actionHowTo)
        self.homeToolbar.addAction(self.actionAbout)

        self.retranslateUi(HomeWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(HomeWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, HomeWindow):
        HomeWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("HomeWindow", "Plot Twist", None))
        self.homeBrowser.setHtml(_translate("HomeWindow", "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd\">\n"
"<html><head><meta name=\"qrichtext\" content=\"1\" /><style type=\"text/css\">\n"
"p, li { white-space: pre-wrap; }\n"
"</style></head><body style=\" font-family:\'Consolas\'; font-size:7.5pt; font-weight:400; font-style:normal;\">\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:14pt; font-weight:600;\">Data Visualization is as important as it sounds, you can visualize your data with this app just by inserting any dataset you want. For more detailed instructions, simply go to How To icon.</span></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\"-qt-paragraph-type:empty; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px; font-size:14pt; font-weight:600;\"><br /></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt; font-weight:600;\">With Plot Twist, you can:</span></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt; font-weight:600;\">- Look inside your dataset</span></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt; font-weight:600;\">- Visualize it by choosing any possible diagrams of any columns</span></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt; font-weight:600;\">- Find out specific calculation of any column</span></p></body></html>", None))
        self.homeToolbar.setWindowTitle(_translate("HomeWindow", "toolBar", None))
        self.actionOpenDataset.setText(_translate("HomeWindow", "Open Dataset", None))
        self.actionOpenDataset.setStatusTip(_translate("HomeWindow", "Open dataset to visualize it.", None))
        self.actionOpenDataset.setShortcut(_translate("HomeWindow", "Ctrl+O", None))
        self.actionHowTo.setText(_translate("HomeWindow", "How To", None))
        self.actionHowTo.setToolTip(_translate("HomeWindow", "How To Do This?", None))
        self.actionHowTo.setStatusTip(_translate("HomeWindow", "Instructions on how this app works.", None))
        self.actionHowTo.setShortcut(_translate("HomeWindow", "F1", None))
        self.actionAbout.setText(_translate("HomeWindow", "About", None))
        self.actionAbout.setToolTip(_translate("HomeWindow", "About", None))
        self.actionAbout.setStatusTip(_translate("HomeWindow", "Description and message by creator.", None))
        self.actionAbout.setShortcut(_translate("HomeWindow", "F2", None))

    def showHowto(self):
        HowToDialog = QtGui.QDialog()
        hui = Ui_HowToDialog()
        hui.setupUi(HowToDialog)
        HowToDialog.show()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

import resources_rc

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    HomeWindow = QtGui.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_HomeWindow()
    ui.setupUi(HomeWindow)
    HomeWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

这是我试图弹出的对话框。它应该在工具栏上的图标被触发时显示 HowTo 对话框。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'howto.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt4 UI code generator 4.11.4
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

try:
    _fromUtf8 = QtCore.QString.fromUtf8
except AttributeError:
    def _fromUtf8(s):
        return s

try:
    _encoding = QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8
    def _translate(context, text, disambig):
        return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig, _encoding)
except AttributeError:
    def _translate(context, text, disambig):
        return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig)

class Ui_HowToDialog(object):
    def setupUi(self, HowToDialog):
        HowToDialog.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("HowToDialog"))
        HowToDialog.resize(585, 242)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily(_fromUtf8("Consolas"))
        HowToDialog.setFont(font)
        HowToDialog.setAcceptDrops(False)
        icon = QtGui.QIcon()
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap(_fromUtf8(":/resources/howto.png")), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        HowToDialog.setWindowIcon(icon)
        self.horizontalLayout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout(HowToDialog)
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("horizontalLayout"))
        self.howtoBrowser = QtGui.QTextBrowser(HowToDialog)
        self.howtoBrowser.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("howtoBrowser"))
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.howtoBrowser)

        self.retranslateUi(HowToDialog)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(HowToDialog)

    def retranslateUi(self, HowToDialog):
        HowToDialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("HowToDialog", "How To Do This?", None))
        self.howtoBrowser.setHtml(_translate("HowToDialog", "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd\">\n"
"<html><head><meta name=\"qrichtext\" content=\"1\" /><style type=\"text/css\">\n"
"p, li { white-space: pre-wrap; }\n"
"</style></head><body style=\" font-family:\'Consolas\'; font-size:7.5pt; font-weight:400; font-style:normal;\">\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">How to insert your dataset:</span></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">1. Click </span><span style=\" font-size:12pt; font-weight:600;\">Open Dataset </span><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">icon.</span></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">2. Click </span><span style=\" font-size:12pt; font-weight:600;\">Browse </span><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">and select your dataset.</span></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">3. Note that the dataset has to be a .csv file.</span></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">4. Click </span><span style=\" font-size:12pt; font-weight:600;\">Insert File </span><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">button.</span></p>\n"
"<p style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">5. Your dataset visualization window will appear, and you can start to visualize it.</span></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\"-qt-paragraph-type:empty; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px; font-size:12pt;\"><br /></p>\n"
"<p align=\"justify\" style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\"><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">Happy visualizing :)</span></p></body></html>", None))


import resources_rc

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    HowToDialog = QtGui.QDialog()
    ui = Ui_HowToDialog()
    ui.setupUi(HowToDialog)
    HowToDialog.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

如您所见，这是我定义的用于显示第二个窗口的函数:

def showHowto(self):
    HowToDialog = QtGui.QDialog()
    hui = Ui_HowToDialog()
    hui.setupUi(HowToDialog)
    HowToDialog.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

我用 self.actionHowTo.triggered.connect(self.showHowto) 将它与操作工具栏连接起来。

当我运行它时，它显示QCoreApplication::exec: The event loop already running。有人可以告诉我出了什么问题和解决方案吗？先谢谢了!

Answer 1

我在开始使用 pyqt 时遇到了类似的问题。您应该像这样为对话框窗口创建另一个类:

#!python3
'''docs'''
import sys
from PyQt4.QtGui import *
from _apps.PyUi import DialogUi


class DialogApp(QDialog, DialogUi.Ui_DialogApp):
    """Dialog class"""

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(self.__class__, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)


def main(self):
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    form = DialogApp()
    form.show()
    app.exec_()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

我包含的主要内容是为了方便测试...下一部分在主窗口中只是与操作连接的插槽:

def openDialog(self):

    self.dialog= DialogApp(self)
    self.dialog.show()

您需要注意的部分是谁是对话框的父级，如果 None 是父级，就像在我的示例中一样，对话框将在任务栏上获得一个单独的选项卡，并且可以在您单击 action 时实例化多次，假设对话框本身是无模式的。如果将 mainwindow (self) 传递给对话框，在大多数情况下推荐使用对话框窗口，主窗口将是父窗口，默认情况下对话框将居中当它出现时在 main 上。

编辑:

此外，据我所知，您还需要并且只能激活一个 QApplication，所有显示的窗口和底层方法和函数都经过这个初始的 QApplication。