python - 游程编码图像

Question

我正在为作业编写游程图像编码器。我的代码适用于二进制和 8 位 图像，但是当我想对 4 位 图像进行编码时，它无法正常工作。我正在使用 Ubuntu 13.10、Python 3.3.4 和 Pillow。执行以下代码应该打印 True 和 True 但它打印 True 和 False。

为了测试我的代码，我生成了随机 列表来模拟图像。它有效，第一个值显示它，但是这个 image不管用。还有 4 个像这样的图像，但没有一个有效。我错过了什么吗？

from PIL import Image
import random

def _encodeImage4bit(imagePixels, width, height):
    encodedImage = bytearray()

    count = 0

    prev = imagePixels[0]
    tempmap = ""

    for pixel in imagePixels:
        if count >= 15:
            encodedImage.append(15)
            encodedImage.append(pixel)
            tempmap += "1"
            tempmap += "0"
            count = 0

        if pixel == prev:
            count += 1
        else:
            if count > 1:
                encodedImage.append(count)
                tempmap += "1"
            encodedImage.append(prev)
            tempmap += "0"
            count = 1
            prev = pixel

    if count > 1:
        encodedImage.append(count)
        tempmap += "1"

    encodedImage.append(prev)
    tempmap += "0"

    encodedImage.extend([0] * _remaining(len(encodedImage)))
    tempmap += "1"*_remaining(len(tempmap))

    encodedImage = _set4bitMap(tempmap, encodedImage)

    return encodedImage

def _set4bitMap(imgMap, encodedImage):
    newImgMap = _divideByRow(imgMap, 8)

    tempImg = [_merge4bitTo8bit(encodedImage[i], encodedImage[i + 1]) for i in range(0, len(encodedImage), 2)]
    tempImg = _divideByRow(list(tempImg), 4)

    return bytearray(_flattenListOfList(_mergeMap(tempImg, newImgMap)))

def _decodeImage4bit(encodedImage, width, height):
    decodedImage = []

    imgMap, encImg = _get4bitMap(encodedImage)

    for index, i in enumerate(imgMap):
        if i == '1' and encImg[index] == 0:
            break

        if i == '1':
            decodedImage.extend([encImg[index + 1]] * encImg[index])
        elif imgMap[index - 1] != '1' or index == 0:
            decodedImage.append(encImg[index])

    return decodedImage

def _get4bitMap(encodedImage):
    imgMap = ""

    newEncodedImage = list(encodedImage)

    I = range(0, len(newEncodedImage), 5)

    for i in I:
        imgMap += '{0:08b}'.format(newEncodedImage[i])

    for i in sorted(list(I), reverse = True):
        del newEncodedImage[i]

    newEncodedImage = _flattenListOfList([_split8bitTo4bit(i) for i in newEncodedImage])

    return (imgMap, newEncodedImage)

def _split8bitTo4bit(eightbit):
    leftmask = 240
    rightmask = 15
    left = (eightbit & leftmask) >> 4
    right = eightbit & rightmask

    return (left, right)

def _merge4bitTo8bit(left, right):
    return (left << 4) | right

_remaining = lambda x, y = 8: 0 if x % y == 0 else y - (x % y)
_mergeMap = lambda z, x:[[int(x[index], 2)] + i for index, i in enumerate(z)]
_flattenListOfList = lambda flat:[item for sublist in flat for item in sublist]
_divideByRow = lambda flat, size: [flat[i:i + size] for i in range(0, len(flat), size)]


if __name__ == "__main__":
    img = [15] * 100
    img.extend([random.randrange(0, 16) for n in range(300)])
    encImg = _encodeImage4bit(img, 20, 20)
    decImg = _decodeImage4bit(encImg, 20, 20)
    print(str(decImg == img))

    imgpath = "../../images/4bit/baboon_4bit.bmp"
    img2 = Image.open(imgpath)
    encImg2 = _encodeImage4bit(list(img2.getdata(0)), img2.size[0], img2.size[1])
    decImg2 = _decodeImage4bit(encImg2, img2.size[0], img2.size[1])
    print(str(decImg2 == list(img2.getdata(0))))

数据压缩算法 The Complete Reference 第 4 版第 26 页

Again, one bit is devoted to each byte to indicate whether the byte contains a grayscale value or a count. This time, however, these extra bits are accumulated in groups of 8, and each group is written on the output stream preceding (or following) the 8 bytes it “corresponds to.”

我将其更改为支持 4 位图像。

Example Original image: 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 14, 3, 7, 10,10, 10, 10, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, . . .

First step: Find repetitions 9, 12, 14, 3, 7, 4, 10, 6, 5, 1, . . .

Second step: Generate map to identify which element is pixel value(0), which is repetition number(1) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . . .

Third step: Fill values with zero to make length a multiple of eight. Fill map with one to make length of multiple of eight.

Fourth step: Divide map to pieces of eight and convert every piece to integer. 133, . . .

Fifth step: Couple every two 4 bit to make one eight bit. Shift left value to left 4 times and OR it with right number. 156, 227, 116, 166, 81, . . .

Sixth step: Merge map with values. Every integer number in map now presents 4 values in values. 133, 156, 227, 116, 166, . . .

Decoding is reverse of this operation.

Answer 1

我发现了我的问题。如果重复达到 15 次，它会为列表增加额外的值(value)。为了防止这种情况，我将代码更改为此。

    for pixel in imagePixels:
    if count >= 15:
        encodedImage.append(15)
        encodedImage.append(prev) #changed line
        tempmap += "1"
        tempmap += "0"
        count = 0
        prev = pixel #new line