Python 版本依赖问题 - pip uninstall

Question

我在尝试卸载 matplotlib 或升级 pip 时遇到错误。例如:

%pip install --upgrade pip  

下载并安装 pip 后，它会尝试卸载旧版本。我收到错误:

You are using pip version 7.1.0, however version 8.0.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Collecting pip  
  Downloading pip-8.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.2MB)  
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.2MB 506kB/s   
Installing collected packages: pip  
  Found existing installation: pip 7.1.0  
    Uninstalling pip-7.1.0:  
Exception:  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 223, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)  
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 299, in run
    root=options.root_path,  
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 640, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)  
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 726, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)  
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 125, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)  
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.0-py2.7.egg/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 314, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)  
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 300, in move
    rmtree(src)
  File   "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 247, in rmtree
    rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror)
  File   "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 252, in rmtree
    onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info())  
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 250, in rmtree
    os.remove(fullname)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.0-py2.7.egg/EGG-INFO/dependency_links.txt'

如有任何指导，我们将不胜感激。

Answer 1

试试这个:sudo pip install --upgrade pip

为什么 sudo ？ sudo 始终以 super 用户权限(作为 root)运行。因此 sudo 有能力执行一些特权任务，比如调用只允许 root 用户使用的系统函数。由于您收到 permission denied 错误，使用 sudo 运行相同的命令将不会请求权限，因为您是 root