Python - 如何加快pygame的流畅度？

Question

我想知道如何使用 pygam 加快我用 Python 编写的代码的流畅度。我猜我必须以某种方式提高效率？运行时，一些球在设定的区域内随机移动，但是，每个球的新位置一点也不平滑，每个运动之间都有一个跳跃，因为循环很慢。我该如何解决？或者对如何改进它有什么建议吗？到目前为止，这是我的代码:

import pygame
from pygame import *
import random
pygame.init()
size = width, height = 800, 600
screen = display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("Year 12: Ideal Gas Simulation")


BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
WHITE=(255,255,255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BALLX = 0
BALLY = 1
BALLSPEEDX = 2
BALLSPEEDY = 3
List=[]
radius=5

running=True
myClock=time.Clock()


myClock.tick(60)
def initBall():


        for n in range(40):
            ballx = random.randint(0, 800) # randomly setting the x position
            bally = random.randint(0, 600) # randomly setting the y position
            dirx = random.randint(-5,5)    # randomly setting the x speed
            diry = random.randint(-5,5)    # randomly setting the y speed

            data=[ballx, bally, dirx, diry]
            List.append(data)
            # returning a list with all the data the ball needs
        return List # returning the list


def drawScreen(List):
    draw.rect(screen, WHITE, (0, 0, 800, 600))
    for x in range(40):
        BALLX=List[x][0]
        BALLY=List[x][1]
        draw.circle(screen, GREEN, (BALLX,BALLY),radius)
        display.flip()
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, (100-radius,100-radius,600+(2*radius),400+(2*radius)), 1)

        f=pygame.font.SysFont(None,60)
        text=f.render("PV=nRT",True,(0,0,0))
        screen.blit(text,(300,height/20))


def moveBall(List):
    for x in range(40):
        BALLX=List[x][0]
        BALLY=List[x][1]
        SPEEDX=List[x][2]#####data[BALLX]== the first index of each list [x][0]
        SPEEDY=List[x][3]##data[BALLSPEEDX]= List[x][2]
        age=SPEEDX+BALLX
        List[x][0]=age
         # increases the position of the ball
        plus=SPEEDY+BALLY
        List[x][1]=plus
    # checks to see if the ball is hitting the walls in the x direction
        if BALLX > 700:
            List[x][0] = 700#NORMALLY 800
            third=List[x][2]
            answer=third*-1
            List[x][2]=answer
        elif BALLX < 100:#NORMALLY 0
            List[x][0] = 100
            third=List[x][2]
            answer=third*-1
            List[x][2]=answer

    # checks to see if the ball is hitting the walls in the y direction
        if BALLY < 100:
            List[x][1] = 100#NORMALLY 0
            third=List[x][3]
            answer=third*-1
            List[x][3]=answer
        elif BALLY > 500:
            List[x][1] = 500#NORMALLY 600
            third=List[x][3]
            answer=third*-1
            List[x][3]=answer
    return List#return updated list


List=initBall()
while running==True:
    for evnt in event.get():
        if evnt.type==QUIT:
            running=False
            quit()
        if evnt.type==MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            mx,my=evnt.pos
            button=evnt.button

    drawScreen(List)
    List=moveBall(List)

Answer 1

除了skrx的回答，还可以重构代码，避免大量重复调用。此外，直接索引 BALLS 数组可能会略微提高性能。

通常，避免使用大写字母命名函数内的变量。这些名称通常指定给在文件顶部定义的常量。

我想出的版本如下:

import array
import pygame
pygame.init()
import random

from pygame import *

size = WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 600
screen = display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("Year 12: Ideal Gas Simulation")


BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
WHITE = (255,255,255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BALLX = 0
BALLY = 1
BALLSPEEDX = 2
BALLSPEEDY = 3
RADIUS = 5

BALLS = []

myClock = time.Clock()

myClock.tick(60)
def initBalls():
    for n in range(40):
        props = array.array('i', [
            random.randint(0, WIDTH),
            random.randint(0, HEIGHT),
            random.randint(-5, 5),
            random.randint(-5, 5),
        ])
        BALLS.append(props)


def drawScreen():
    draw.rect(screen, WHITE, (0, 0, 800, 600))
    props = (100-RADIUS, 100-RADIUS, 600+(2*RADIUS), 400+(2*RADIUS))
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, BLACK, props, 1)
    f = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 60)
    text = f.render("PV=nRT", True,(0, 0, 0))
    screen.blit(text,(300, HEIGHT / 20))
    for i in range(len(BALLS)):
        draw.circle(screen, GREEN, BALLS[i][:2],RADIUS)
    display.flip()


def moveBalls():
    for i in range(len(BALLS)):

        if BALLS[i][0] > 700:
            BALLS[i][0] = 700
            BALLS[i][2] *= -1
        elif BALLS[i][0] < 100:
            BALLS[i][0] = 100
            BALLS[i][2] *= -1
        else:
            BALLS[i][0] += BALLS[i][2]

        if BALLS[i][1] < 100:
            BALLS[i][1] = 100
            BALLS[i][3] *= -1
        elif BALLS[i][1] > 500:
            BALLS[i][1] = 500
            BALLS[i][3] *= -1
        else:
            BALLS[i][1] += BALLS[i][3]


def main():
    initBalls()
    while True:
        for evnt in event.get():
            if evnt.type == QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                return
            elif evnt.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                mx, my = evnt.pos
                button = evnt.button

        drawScreen()
        moveBalls()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()