python - DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 如何配置

Question

我在一个使用 Django 1.8 和 Python-3.4 的项目中工作我想安装模型包以在我的应用程序中自动创建数据。我已经使用 pip install django-mockups 和 easy_install django-mockups

安装了这个包

我在 settings.py 文件中的 INSTALLED_APPS 中添加了“模型”条目

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'suit',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'mockups',
    'tracks',
    'albums',
    'artists', 
    'userprofiles',
)

我想在我的控制台内的 django 管理实用程序中看到与我安装的包相关的可用命令，但最后，我收到关于我的环境变量 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 的注意事项消息和我在列表中看不到 django-mockups 包

(venv)➜  myproject  django-admin help 

Type 'django-admin help <subcommand>' for help on a specific subcommand.

Available subcommands:

[django]
    check
    compilemessages
    createcachetable
    dbshell
    diffsettings
    dumpdata
    flush
    inspectdb
    loaddata
    makemessages
    makemigrations
    migrate
    runfcgi
    runserver
    shell
    showmigrations
    sql
    sqlall
    sqlclear
    sqlcustom
    sqldropindexes
    sqlflush
    sqlindexes
    sqlmigrate
    sqlsequencereset
    squashmigrations
    startapp
    startproject
    syncdb
    test
    testserver
    validate
Note that only Django core commands are listed as settings are not properly configured (error: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.).

(venv)➜ 我的项目

我检查是否安装了 django-mockups 包并检查以下路径目录，这些目录实际上存在。

 /home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django_mockups-0.4.8.dist-info` and
 /home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/mockups`

并且安装了django-mockups包

(venv)➜  mockups  pip freeze
Django==1.8.2
django-mockups==0.4.8
django-suit==0.2.13
Pillow==2.9.0
wheel==0.24.0
(venv)➜  mockups 

我的 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 是这样设置的:在manage.py文件中

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys

if __name__ == "__main__":
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "sfotipy.settings")

    from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line

    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

在 wsgi.py 中

"""
WSGI config for myproject project.

It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/wsgi/
"""

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myproject.settings")

application = get_wsgi_application()

最后，当我尝试启动 django 服务器时，我得到了这个输出:

(venv)➜  myproject  ./manage.py runserver 
/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/importlib/_bootstrap.py:321: RemovedInDjango19Warning: django.utils.importlib will be removed in Django 1.9.
  return f(*args, **kwds)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 312, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 85, in populate
    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
  File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 86, in create
    module = import_module(entry)
  File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2231, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2214, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2203, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1448, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/mockups/__init__.py", line 2, in <module>
    from mockups.factory import Factory
  File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/mockups/factory.py", line 1, in <module>
    from mockups import generators
  File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/mockups/generators.py", line 100, in <module>
    class StringGenerator(Generator):
  File "/home/bgarcial/.virtualenvs/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/mockups/generators.py", line 101, in StringGenerator
    coerce_type = unicode
NameError: name 'unicode' is not defined
(venv)➜  myproject 

如何正确设置 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 环境变量？这个 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 配置是模型不起作用的根源吗？坦克很多:)

谢谢

Answer 1

我找到这个issue在 github 上。

也许 django-mockups 不支持 Python 3。

---

Python 3 将 unicode 更改为 str，将旧的 str 更改为 bytes。

因此，如果您使用 Python 3 运行 django-mockups。将引发 NameError

如回溯所示，django-mockups 是用 Python 2 编写的。