python - PyGame 中的 Conways 生命游戏

Question

所以我阅读了 Conways Game of Life 并尝试使用 PyGame 来实现它。

我试着让它面向对象。它的工作方式是我有一个细胞实例列表，然后检查它们有多少邻居，然后根据它们的邻居存活或死亡。然后这个过程自己重复。

问题是，当我使用一些已知的起始模式(例如在下面的代码 (CELL_MAP) 中)对其进行测试时，它无法正常工作。

我一遍又一遍地阅读代码，但我并没有真正理解我在这里遗漏了什么。我在下面发布了整个代码，因为我不知道我的错误在哪里，但如果有人能指出正确的方向，我将不胜感激。

提前致谢!

import pygame

class Cell:
    def __init__(self, live, xcor, ycor):
        self.alive = live
        self.x = xcor
        self.y = ycor
        self.neighbours = 0

def checkNeighbours(self, cellList):
    for cell in cellList:
        #left
        if cell.x == self.x-1 and cell.y == self.y and cell.alive == True:
            self.neighbours += 1        
        #right
        elif cell.x == self.x+1 and cell.y == self.y and cell.alive == True:
            self.neighbours += 1 
        #upleft
        elif cell.x == self.x-1 and cell.y == self.y-1 and cell.alive == True:
            self.neighbours += 1     
        #up
        elif cell.x == self.x and cell.y == self.y-1 and cell.alive == True:
            self.neighbours += 1 
        #upright
        elif cell.x == self.x+1 and cell.y == self.y-1 and cell.alive == True:
            self.neighbours += 1     
        #downleft
        elif cell.x == self.x-1 and cell.y == self.y+1 and cell.alive == True:
            self.neighbours += 1     
        #down
        elif cell.x == self.x and cell.y == self.y+1 and cell.alive == True:
            self.neighbours += 1 
        #downright
        elif cell.x == self.x+1 and cell.y == self.y+1 and cell.alive == True:
            self.neighbours += 1 

def breed(self):
    if self.alive == False and self.neighbours == 3:
        #dead cell ressurects if neighbours equals 3
        self.alive = True
    elif self.alive and self.neighbours < 2:
        #die from loneliness
        self.alive = False
    elif self.alive and self.neighbours == 2:
        #stay alive
        pass
    elif self.alive and self.neighbours == 3:
        #stay alive
        pass
    elif self.alive and self.neighbours > 3:
        #die from overpopulation
        self.alive = False

def render(self, display):
    if self.alive:
        pygame.draw.rect(display, (0,0,0), [self.x*10, self.y*10, 10, 10])
    elif self.alive == False:
        pygame.draw.rect(display, (0,0,255), [self.x*10, self.y*10, 10, 10])




WID = 33
HEI = 20            
CELL_MAP = [[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
            [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]]

CELL_LIST = []

xc = -1
yc = -1
for yList in CELL_MAP:
    yc += 1
    for x in yList:
        xc += 1
        if x == 0:
            #create dead cell
            newCell = Cell(False, xc, yc)
            CELL_LIST.append(newCell)
        elif x == 1:
            #create alive cell
            newCell = Cell(True, xc, yc)
            CELL_LIST.append(newCell)
    xc = -1



#pygame init

pygame.init()
(width, height) = (WID*10, HEI*10)

pygame.display.set_caption('Game of Life')

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))

#game loop

def gameLoop():
    gameLoop = True 

    while gameLoop:
        #check for exit
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                gameLoop = False
                pygame.quit()               

        #render cells
        for cell in CELL_LIST:
            cell.render(screen)    

        #check neighbours
        for cell in CELL_LIST:
            cell.checkNeighbours(CELL_LIST)

        pygame.display.flip()

        #breed
        for cell in CELL_LIST:
            cell.breed()

        pygame.time.wait(5)

    quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    gameLoop()

Answer 1

我没有安装pygame，所以我不能运行你的代码。但是，导致错误的错误是在确定细胞在下一代中是存活还是死亡后，您没有将细胞的邻居计数重置为零。因此，在每一代中，每个单元格的新邻居计数都会添加到先前累积的邻居计数中。您可能应该在 .breed 方法中进行重置。

这是该方法的一个更紧凑的版本:

def breed(self):
    self.alive = self.neighbours == 3 or self.alive and self.neighbours == 2
    self.neighbours = 0

---

我对您的代码还有一些意见。

您的 checkNeighbours 方法极度效率低下:对于每个单元格，它会扫描整个网格以寻找单元格的邻居!一个简单的替代方法是将您的单元格存储在二维列表中，以便您可以快速找到单元格的邻居。

---

这里有一个比您的代码当前所做的更紧凑的方法来构建您的 CELL_LIST:

CELL_LIST = []
for y, row in enumerate(CELL_MAP):
    for x, v in enumerate(row):
        CELL_LIST.append(Cell(v == 1, x, y))

这里和列表理解是一样的:

CELL_LIST = [Cell(bool(v), x, y)
    for y, row in enumerate(CELL_MAP)
        for x, v in enumerate(row)
]

但正如我之前所说，将 CELL_LIST 设为二维列表可能是个好主意:

cell_list = [[Cell(bool(v), x, y) for x, v in enumerate(row)]
    for y, row in enumerate(CELL_MAP)]

---

您的 CELL_MAP 不是将生活模式放入您的程序的便捷方式，但我想它可以用于测试目的。看看this answer我本月早些时候写信寻求替代方案。

最终，您应该让您的程序能够读取常见的 RLE format被许多 Life 程序使用。

您可能还想看看我写的这个使用 Numpy 的中等效率版本:numpy_life.py .与我链接的其他版本一样，它在 Linux 终端中显示输出，但是这两个版本应该很容易适应 pygame 或其他 GUI 框架。