Swift:使用 Interface Builder 创建可重现的 NSView

Question

如果我像这样创建 NSView 的子类:

class MyView: NSView {

    var field = NSTextField(frame: NSMakeRect(0, 0, 35, 22))

    func drawRect(dirtyRect: NSRect) {
        super.drawRect(dirtyRect)

        field.stringValue = "Hello World"
        self.addSubview(field)
    }
}

...然后我可以根据需要创建此 View 的任意多个实例:

let view1 = MyView()
let view2 = MyView()

// ... more instances

...然后用它们做任何我想做的事:

view2.field.stringValue = "foo"

addSubview(view1)
addSubview(view2)

但是，实际上我正在尝试创建一个包含多个 NSTextField 的 View 。因此，弄清楚每个 NSTextField 的框架应该是什么是相当乏味的，更不用说如果我想编辑其中的任何一个，事情很快就会变得一团糟。这就是 Interface Builder 派上用场的地方。但是我从来没有遇到过使用 Interface Builder 创建类声明的方法。我已经多次创建 NSView 的子类，将“自定义 View ”拖到 nib 文件中，向 View 添加一些东西，从中的对象创建一些 IBOutlets “自定义 View ”到我的子类，将“自定义 View ”的类更改为我的子类，一切正常。但这是不可重现的(至少据我所知)。它只是我的类的一个特定实例，由 IB 初始化，仅此而已 - 只有一个实例。但我想要的是一种重现这种观点的方法。我希望能够设计一个"template"，可以这么说，在 IB 中，然后创建该模板的多个副本。必须有一个好的方法来做到这一点。也许使用 NSViewController？有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

请参阅这篇文章，了解如何在 swift 中进行 nib 实例化。 Swift - Assign a NIB to self in class

我下面的示例已被弃用，但仍然可以正常工作。这是我为此使用了大约 50 次(在 objective-c 中)的设计模式。关键的“技巧”是在没有“init”的情况下调用“alloc”，就像这个例子:

NSViewController *nibFileOwner = [NSViewController alloc];
NSArray *theTopLevelObjects;
[theMbRemoteControlListNib instantiateNibWithOwner:nibFileOwner
                                       topLevelObjects:&theTopLevelObjects];

处理布局问题仍然很痛苦，但至少 ni​​b 可以解决一些问题。

在这个特定示例中，我正在创建一个比较工具来比较“服务器 A”配置和“服务器 B”配置。这只是此实现的框架。

// subclass as NSMatrix to support drawing reuse of resetButtonCell (BGHUDButtonCell)
@interface MbRemoteControlList : NSMatrix <NSTextFieldDelegate, NSMenuDelegate, EditingAlignmentProtocol>
{
   NSArray                     *mTopLevelObjects;
   IBOutlet NSViewController   *toFilesOwner; // nib files owner
   IBOutlet NSTextField        *toFixNameText;
}

+ (MbRemoteControlList *)_privateCreate
{
    ////////////// BUILD MbRemoteControlList /////////////////////////////////
    NSBundle *theClassBundle;
    theClassBundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
    NSNib *theMbRemoteControlListNib = [[NSNib alloc] initWithNibNamed:@"MbRemoteControlList" bundle:theClassBundle];

    // A simple NSViewController is the nib 'File's Owner' so we can access
    // the MbRemoteControlList view in the nib hierarchy.
    NSViewController *nibFileOwner = [NSViewController alloc];
    NSArray *theTopLevelObjects;
    [theMbRemoteControlListNib instantiateNibWithOwner:nibFileOwner
                                       topLevelObjects:&theTopLevelObjects];

    MbRemoteControlList *newObj = (MbRemoteControlList *)[nibFileOwner view];
    if ( nibFileOwner != newObj->toFilesOwner )
    {
        DLogErr( @"MbRemoteControlList creation error");
        return nil;
    }

    newObj.mTopLevelObjects = theTopLevelObjects;
    [theMbRemoteControlListNib autorelease];
    if ( newObj.mTopLevelObjects )
        return newObj;

    DLogErr( @"MbRemoteControlList creation error");
    return nil;
}

+ (MbRemoteControlList *) create
{
    setupLayout();

    sLeftServer = [MbRemoteControlList _privateCreate];
    if ( !sLeftServer ) return nil;

    MbRemoteControlList *rightServer = [MbRemoteControlList _privateCreate];
    if ( !rightServer ) return nil;

    [sLeftServer setupWithRightServer: rightServer];
    return sLeftServer;
}

此实现的相关布局技巧:

// sLeftServer is the owner of the active server list
static MbRemoteControlList *sLeftServer;
static BOOL sIsComparingNow = NO; // true if side-by-side comparing with another servers prefs
static BOOL sInitDone = NO;

#define kPrefsUseSmallFont @"kPrefsUseSmallFont"
static BOOL sSmallSize = NO;
static int sOrigBaseWidth = 701;
// action menu items
enum
{
    kLargeFontSize = 1,
    kSmallFontSize = 2
};



typedef struct LayoutStruct
{
    NSControlSize controlSize;
    int rowHeight;
    int fontSize;

    int resetColumnWidth;
    int prefValueWidth;
    int contentWidth;
    int copyingControlsWidth;
    int scrollViewWidth1;
    int rightSideOriginX;
    int toCommandsPopupOriginX;
    int scrollViewWidth2;
} _LayoutStruct;
static LayoutStruct sLayout;

// layout constants
// preference name & value 250
// list view  250 + 20 = 270
// total window
// 6 + 270 + 60? + 282 + 18 + 6
//    #define kResetColumnWidth        20   // (needs to match value in nib + 1)
//    #define kPrefValueWidth          250  // (needs to match the nib)
//    #define kContentWidth            (kResetColumnWidth + kPrefValueWidth + 6)
//    #define kCopyingControlsWidth    120
//    #define kScrollViewWidth1        (kContentWidth + 18)
//    #define kRightSideOriginX        (kContentWidth + kCopyingControlsWidth)
//    #define kScrollViewWidth2        (kRightSideOriginX + kContentWidth + 18)
//
//    #define kDefaultRowHeight         20

static float sWidthFactor = 1.0;
#define textFieldStringWidth (int(100 * sWidthFactor))
#define textFieldFloatWidth  (int(40 * sWidthFactor))
#define textField5DigitWidth (int(39 * sWidthFactor))
#define textField4DigitWidth (int(33 * sWidthFactor))
#define textField3DigitWidth (int(27 * sWidthFactor))

void setupLayout()
{
    sSmallSize = [[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey: kPrefsUseSmallFont] boolValue];
    if ( sSmallSize == YES )
    {
        sWidthFactor = 1.0;
        sLayout.controlSize          = NSSmallControlSize;
        sLayout.rowHeight            = 20;
        sLayout.fontSize             = 9;

        sLayout.resetColumnWidth     = 20;
        sLayout.prefValueWidth       = 250;
        sLayout.contentWidth         = sLayout.resetColumnWidth + sLayout.prefValueWidth + 6;
        sLayout.copyingControlsWidth = 120;
        sLayout.scrollViewWidth1     = sLayout.contentWidth + 18;
        sLayout.rightSideOriginX     = sLayout.contentWidth + sLayout.copyingControlsWidth;
        sLayout.scrollViewWidth2     = sLayout.rightSideOriginX + sLayout.contentWidth + 18;
        sLayout.toCommandsPopupOriginX = sLayout.scrollViewWidth2 - 224;
    }
    else
    {
        sWidthFactor = 13.0 / 9.0;
        sLayout.controlSize          = NSRegularControlSize;
        sLayout.rowHeight            = 25; // same as Director kValueEditorViewHeight
        sLayout.fontSize             = [NSFont systemFontSizeForControlSize:NSRegularControlSize];

        sLayout.resetColumnWidth     = 20;
        sLayout.prefValueWidth       = 250 * sWidthFactor;
        sLayout.contentWidth         = sLayout.resetColumnWidth + sLayout.prefValueWidth + 6;
        sLayout.copyingControlsWidth = 120 + 8;
        sLayout.scrollViewWidth1     = sLayout.contentWidth + 18;
        sLayout.rightSideOriginX     = sLayout.contentWidth + sLayout.copyingControlsWidth;
        sLayout.scrollViewWidth2     = sLayout.rightSideOriginX + sLayout.contentWidth + 18;
        sLayout.toCommandsPopupOriginX = sLayout.rightSideOriginX + 8;
    }
}