c++ - 在 C++ 中调用另一个函数时，编译器在参数中查找已删除的构造函数

Question

我试图通过两个主要是开关状态的功能来控制微 Controller 中的四个不同对象(一个传感器、一个电机、一个旋转编码器和一个负责逻辑的类)语句，一种从串行端口读取并相应地切换变量，另一种从该变量读取并调用函数。我可以在 loop 中直接调用各个对象的函数，但是当我使用函数 serialTask​​(); 调用它们时，编译器会失败。这是我的标题:

这是motor.h。我在构造函数中使用了所有这些参数，因为我使用的两个库使用这些元素来构造它们自己的对象，TMC2130Stepper、Stepper 和 StepControl

 #pragma once

#include <TeensyStep.h>
#include <TMCStepper.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <TimerOne.h>
#include <pinout.h>

#define STALL_VALUE 15
#define R_SENSE 0.11 // Match to your driver
                      // SilentStepStick series use 0.11
                      // UltiMachine Einsy and Archim2 boards use 0.2
                      // Panucatt BSD2660 uses 0.1
                      // Watterott TMC5160 uses 0.075

                      //BOB = 0.3

struct Motor {

    public:

        Motor(const int dirPinArg, const int stepPinArg, const int enabPinArg, const int chipSelectArg, const int mosiSdiArg, const int misoSdoArg, const int clkArg, float rSenseArg);    

        int microsteps = 8;
        const uint32_t steps_per_mm = 80;
        int frameRatio = (200 * microsteps) / 2.55;
        int motorSpeed;
        bool motorState = false;
        bool isMoving = false;
        bool accelerated = false;

        void initializeDriver();
        void setupMotor();
        void accelerate();
        void moveMotor();
        void oneFrame();
        void oneFrameSlow();
        void moveMotorSlow();
        bool isAccelerated();
        void stepperTimer();
        void setSpeed();

        int spr = 16*200;  // 3200 steps per revolution

        TMC2130Stepper driver;
        Stepper motor;
        StepControl controller;

    private:


};

这是我的编码器，rotary.h:

    /*
 * Rotary encoder library for Arduino.
 */
#pragma once

#ifndef rotary_h
#define rotary_h

#include "Arduino.h"

// Enable this to emit codes twice per step.
//#define HALF_STEP

// Enable weak pullups
#define ENABLE_PULLUPS

// Values returned by 'process'
// No complete step yet.
#define DIR_NONE 0x0
// Clockwise step.
#define DIR_CW 0x10
// Anti-clockwise step.
#define DIR_CCW 0x20

class Rotary
{
  public:
    Rotary(char, char);
    //Extra
    int encoderTest();
    // Process pin(s)
    unsigned char process();
    volatile int aState;
    volatile int aLastState;
    int counterNew;
    int counterOld;
  private:
    unsigned char state;
    unsigned char pin1;
    unsigned char pin2;

};

#endif

这是我的sensor.h:

#pragma once
#include <pinout.h>
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <open-celluloid.h>
#include <Rotary.h>

struct Sensor {

    public:
            Sensor(int sensorPinArg);
            int readSensor(); 
            void calibrateSensor(OpenCelluloid openCelluloidArg, Rotary rotaryArg);
            void printSensorValues();  


            int sensorHigh{};
            int sensorLow{};
};

这是另一个类，open-celluloid.h:

#pragma once

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <TimerOne.h>
#include <HardwareSerial.h>
#include <Stream.h>
#include <Rotary.h>
#include <pinout.h>



class OpenCelluloid {

    public:

        OpenCelluloid();
        void stepperTimer();
        void homing();
        void checkTrigger();
        void calibrateShutter(Rotary rotaryArg);
        //HardwareSerial *serial;
        //HardwareSerial &serial1 = Serial;
        //TimerOne *timer1;

        const int sensorThreshold = 300;
        int lastSensorState = 0;
        uint8_t sensorState = 0; //
        uint8_t stepState = 0; //


        //trigger
        volatile bool gateOpen{};
        volatile bool trigger{};
        volatile uint8_t triggerCounter{};
        volatile bool sameState = true;
        volatile byte threshold[8];
        volatile uint8_t sum_threshold{};
        volatile uint8_t gate{};
        volatile uint8_t gatePrevious{};
        volatile uint8_t shutterCounter{};
        volatile bool boolGate{};
        //volatile bool boolState = !digitalRead(sensor);
        volatile bool boolState{};
        volatile bool home_position{};      
        volatile bool startCapture;

        uint8_t doFullRotation{};
        int stepCount = 10000;
        volatile char state;

        //Rotary rotary = Rotary(5, 6);



    private:

        Stream *_streamRef;
        TimerOne *_timerRef;
        //Stepper *_motorRef;
        //StepControl *_controllerRef;

};

除此之外，我还有另一个 .h 文件，其中包含函数:

    #pragma once

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <TMCStepper.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <TimerOne.h>
#include <HardwareSerial.h>
#include <Stream.h>
#include "TeensyStep.h"
#include <Rotary.h>
#include <open-celluloid.h>
#include <pinout.h>
#include <motor.h>
#include <sensor.h>


#define auto_reset              20
#define start_moving_forward    21
#define start_moving_backward   22
#define keep_moving             23
#define stoping                 24
#define auto_end                25
#define one_frame               26
#define hundred_frames          27
#define loading                 28
#define keep_moving_slow        29
#define test                    30
#define test_digital            31
#define test_analog             32
#define encoder_test            33
#define calibrate_shutter       34
#define calibrate_sensor        35
#define read_sensor             36
#define print_values            37
#define test_acceleration       38

void readSensor();
void oneFrame();
void oneFrameSlow();
void serialTask(Sensor sensorArg, Rotary rotaryArg, OpenCelluloid openCelluloidArg, Motor motorArg);
void stateSwitch(OpenCelluloid openCelluloidArg);
void encoder();
void calibrateShutter();
void testDigital(int button);
void testAnalog(int pin);

问题是函数 serialTask​​(); 在文件 functions.cpp 中看起来像这样:

void serialTask(OpenCelluloid openCelluloidArg, Motor motorArg, Sensor sensorArg, Rotary rotaryArg) {
  switch (openCelluloidArg.state) {
    case auto_reset:
      openCelluloidArg.state = auto_end;
      break;

    case start_moving_forward:
      if (!motorArg.isMoving) {
        //homing();
        //accelerate();
        motorArg.isMoving = true;
      } else {
        openCelluloidArg.state = keep_moving;
        motorArg.isMoving = true;
      }
      digitalWrite(dir_Pin, LOW);
      //delayMicroseconds(10000);
      openCelluloidArg.startCapture = true;
      break;

    case start_moving_backward:
      if ( !motorArg.isMoving) {
        //homing();
        motorArg.isMoving = true;
      } else {
        openCelluloidArg.state = keep_moving;
        motorArg.isMoving = true;
      }
      digitalWrite(dir_Pin, HIGH);
      //delayMicroseconds(10000);
      openCelluloidArg.startCapture = true;

      break;

    case keep_moving:
      openCelluloidArg.home_position = false;
      motorArg.moveMotor();
      //moveMotorPwm();
      //serialFrames();
      openCelluloidArg.state = keep_moving;
      break;

    case keep_moving_slow:
      openCelluloidArg.home_position = false;
      //moveMotorSlow();
      openCelluloidArg.state = keep_moving_slow;
      break;

    case stoping:
      digitalWrite(step_Pin, LOW);
      digitalWrite(enabPin, HIGH);
      openCelluloidArg.state = auto_end;
      motorArg.isMoving = false;
      digitalWrite(enabPin, LOW);
      openCelluloidArg.startCapture = false;
      break;

    case auto_end:
      openCelluloidArg.home_position = false;
      break;

    case one_frame:
      //oneFrame();
      motorArg.oneFrameSlow();
      openCelluloidArg.state = auto_end;
      break;

    case loading:
      if ( !motorArg.isMoving) {
        motorArg.isMoving = true;
      } else {
        openCelluloidArg.state = keep_moving_slow;
        motorArg.isMoving = true;
      }
      digitalWrite(dir_Pin, LOW);
      break;


    case test:
      sensorArg.readSensor();
      break;

    case test_digital:
      testDigital(encoButton);
      break;

    case test_analog:
      testAnalog(encoButton);
      break; 

    case encoder_test:
      rotaryArg.encoderTest();
      break;    

    case calibrate_shutter:
      openCelluloidArg.calibrateShutter(rotaryArg);
      break;

    case calibrate_sensor:
      sensorArg.calibrateSensor(openCelluloidArg, rotaryArg);
      break;

    case read_sensor:
      sensorArg.readSensor();
      break;

    case print_values:
      sensorArg.printSensorValues();
      break;

    case test_acceleration:
      motorArg.accelerate();
   }
};

每当我在主 loop() 中调用此函数时，编译器都会告诉我use of deleted function 'Motor::Motor(const Motor&)'。这是我的 main.cpp 文件的样子:

    #include <Arduino.h>
#include <open-celluloid.h>
#include <HardwareSerial.h>
#include <TeensyStep.h>
#include <TMCStepper.h>
#include <functions.h>
#include <motor.h>
#include <Rotary.h>



Motor motorObj(dir_Pin, step_Pin, enabPin, chipSelect, mosiSdi, misoSdo, clk, 0.11f);
Rotary rotaryObj(channelA, channelB);
Sensor sensorObj(sensor);
OpenCelluloid openCelluloidObj{};
void setup() {


pinMode(enabPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(step_Pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(chipSelect, OUTPUT);
pinMode(dir_Pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sensor, INPUT);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
pinMode(channelA, INPUT);
pinMode(channelB, INPUT);
pinMode(startStop, OUTPUT);
pinMode(dirSwitch, OUTPUT);
pinMode(encoButton, INPUT);
pinMode(misoSdo, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(mosiSdi, OUTPUT);
pinMode(clk, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(enabPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(dir_Pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(step_Pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(chipSelect, LOW);
digitalWrite(mosiSdi, LOW);
digitalWrite(clk, LOW);

Serial.begin(115200);
motorObj.setupMotor();
openCelluloidObj.startCapture = false;
digitalWrite(step_Pin, motorObj.motorState);
rotaryObj.aLastState = digitalRead(channelA);
openCelluloidObj.state = auto_end;



};

void loop() {

  stateSwitch(openCelluloidObj);
  serialTask(sensorObj, rotaryObj, openCelluloidObj, motorObj);
};

我还有另一个名为 pinout.h 的 .h 文件，其中我的所有引脚都定义为常量并从其他文件调用，但这似乎并不重要。编译器还会向我发送我用于电机的库深处的错误，但这只会在我调用 serialTask​​() 时发生。也许存在重新定义的问题，我真的迷失在这里，非常感谢任何帮助。这是我收到的其他错误消息:

StepControlBase<a, t>::StepControlBase(const StepControlBase<a, t>&) [with Accelerator = LinStepAccelerator; TimerField = TimerField]' is protected

use of deleted function 'StepControlBase<a, t>::StepControlBase(const StepControlBase<a, t>&) [with Accelerator = LinStepAccelerator; TimerField = TimerField]'

Answer 1

问题是您的论点是按值获取 Motor，因此需要复制。

当您创建自己的构造函数时，复制构造函数将被删除。

尝试通过引用传递(const Motor& 或 Motor&)。