c++ - 实现递归函数以查找路径的问题

Question

我正在尝试打印出地铁系统中所有可能的路径，该系统的车站从 A 到 L。换句话说，目标是找出一个人在不经过地铁系统的情况下可以采用多少条可能的路线一条轨道不止一次。我知道有 640 条可能的路径，因为我之前在 C 中使用邻接矩阵编写了这个程序。现在我正在尝试编写相同的程序，除了在 C++ 中使用类而不使用邻接矩阵。

我遇到的问题是我似乎无法正确实现我的递归函数 SearchRoute，因为我需要打印路径、标记路径，然后再次取消标记路径以允许回溯。当我打印出最终结果时，我只得到一条从 A 到 B 的轨迹，这显然意味着有明显的错误。

这就是我认为的问题所在:我知道在我的 SubwaySystem::SearchRoute 函数中我使用了 if 和 else 语句，这显然不允许调用我的递归函数，但我尝试用另一个 if 语句代替否则，但我不太确定条件是什么。

void SubwaySystem::SearchRoute(int Current_Station_ID)
{
    while(Current_Station_ID < 33)
    {
        cout << "In while loop\n";
        // \\ Checking progress
        if(Current_Station_ID == 0)  //Find a successful route to Station L
        {
            count_routes++; //Add 1 into the variable “count_routes”
            cout << "In if statement\n";
            // \\Checking progress
            cout << count_routes << " " << my_track[Current_Station_ID] << endl; //Print out this route
            return;
        }
        else //Get into recursive Function Body
        {
            for(int i = my_station[Current_Station_ID].track_starting_ID; i < my_station[Current_Station_ID].track_starting_ID + my_station[Current_Station_ID].track_size; i++)
            {
                if(my_track[Current_Station_ID].visited == 0)  //if this track is not visited before
                {
                    cout << "In recursive part of function\n";
                    // \\ Checking progress
                    my_track[Current_Station_ID].visited = 1; //mark this track as visited
                    my_track[Current_Station_ID].node_2 = 1; //mark its corresponding track as visited
                    cout << my_track[Current_Station_ID] << endl; //save this track
                    SearchRoute(Current_Station_ID + 1); //Recursive
                    i--; //Backtrack this track
                    my_track[Current_Station_ID].visited = 0;//mark this track as unvisited
                    my_track[Current_Station_ID].node_2 = 0;//mark its corresponding track as unvisited
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

我还尝试在整个过程中添加打印语句来跟踪整个程序的进度。由于我上面指定的原因，我的递归函数从未被调用(至少这就是我认为它不起作用的原因)。由于某些原因，我无法弄清楚为什么我的默认和重载轨道构造函数被多次调用。

如果您能帮我找出代码中的问题区域/告诉我正确的方法，我将不胜感激。我厌倦了思考这个。提前致谢。

这是单个 TU 中程序的其余部分:

//Function Declarations
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

#ifndef SUBWAY_H
#define SUBWAY_H

class Track
{
public:
    //Default Constructor
    Track();

    //Overload Constructor
    Track(char, char);

    //Destructor
    ~Track();

    //Member variables
    char node_1;
    char node_2;
    bool visited;
};

class Station
{
public:
    //Default Constructor
    Station();

    //Destructor
    ~Station();

    //Overload Constructor
    Station(char, int, int);

    //Member variables
    char station_name;
    int track_starting_ID;
    int track_size;
};

class SubwaySystem
{
public:
    //Default Constructor
    SubwaySystem();

    //Destructor
    ~SubwaySystem();

    //Recursive function
    void SearchRoute(int);

    //Other member functions
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Track& my_track);
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Station& my_station);


    //Member variables
    Track my_track[34];
    Station my_station[12];

    int count_routes;
    int Current_Station_ID;

    //String to save found route
};

#endif

// **cpp**

//Function Definitions
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

//#include "subway.h"

using namespace std;

Track::Track()
{
    visited = 0;
    //cout << "Default Track has been called\n";
    //\\ Checking progress
}


Track::~Track()
{
}


Track::Track(char pass_track1, char pass_track2)
{
    node_1 = pass_track1;
    node_2 = pass_track2;
    visited = false;
    //cout << "Overload Track constructor has been called\n";
    // \\ Checking progress
}


Station::Station()
{
}


Station::~Station()
{
}


Station::Station(char pass_station_name, int pass_start, int pass_size)
{
    station_name = pass_station_name;
    track_starting_ID = pass_start;
    track_size = pass_size;
    //cout << "Overload station has been called\n";
    // \\ Checking progress
}


SubwaySystem::SubwaySystem()
{
    //Initialize tracks
    //node_1, node_2
    my_track[0] = Track('a', 'b');
    my_track[1] = Track('b', 'a');
    my_track[2] = Track('b', 'c');
    my_track[3] = Track('b', 'd');
    my_track[4] = Track('b', 'e');
    my_track[5] = Track('b', 'f');
    my_track[6] = Track('c', 'b');
    my_track[7] = Track('c', 'e');
    my_track[8] = Track('d', 'b');
    my_track[9] = Track('d', 'e');
    my_track[10] = Track('e', 'b');
    my_track[11] = Track('e', 'c');
    my_track[12] = Track('e', 'd');
    my_track[13] = Track('e', 'g');
    my_track[14] = Track('e', 'h');
    my_track[15] = Track('f', 'b');
    my_track[16] = Track('f', 'h');
    my_track[17] = Track('g', 'e');
    my_track[18] = Track('g', 'k');
    my_track[19] = Track('h', 'e');
    my_track[20] = Track('h', 'f');
    my_track[21] = Track('h', 'i');
    my_track[22] = Track('h', 'j');
    my_track[23] = Track('h', 'k');
    my_track[24] = Track('i', 'h');
    my_track[25] = Track('i', 'k');
    my_track[26] = Track('j', 'h');
    my_track[27] = Track('j', 'k');
    my_track[28] = Track('k', 'g');
    my_track[29] = Track('k', 'h');
    my_track[30] = Track('k', 'i');
    my_track[31] = Track('k', 'j');
    my_track[32] = Track('k', 'l');
    my_track[33] = Track('l', 'k');
    //Initialize stations
    //station_name, track_starting_ID, track_size
    my_station[0] = Station('a', 0, 1);
    my_station[1] = Station('b', 1, 5);
    my_station[2] = Station('c', 6, 2);
    my_station[3] = Station('d', 8, 2);
    my_station[4] = Station('e', 10, 5);
    my_station[5] = Station('f', 15, 2);
    my_station[6] = Station('g', 17, 2);
    my_station[7] = Station('h', 19, 5);
    my_station[8] = Station('i', 24, 2);
    my_station[9] = Station('j', 26, 2);
    my_station[10] = Station('k', 28, 5);
    my_station[11] = Station('l', 33, 1);
    //Initiaize other members
    count_routes = 0;
    Current_Station_ID = 0;
    //cout << "SubwaySystem constructor called\n";
    // \\ Checking progress
}


SubwaySystem::~SubwaySystem()
{
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Track& my_track)
{
    os << my_track.node_1 << '.' << my_track.node_2;
    return os;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Station& my_station)
{
    os << my_station.station_name << '.' << my_station.track_starting_ID << '.' << my_station.track_size;
    return os;
}


//This is where the above recursive function SearchRoute goes. I posted it separately so it's easier to read.



// **main**

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

//#include "subway.h"

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    SubwaySystem Test;
    Test.SearchRoute(0);
}

如果“正在检查进度”打印语句让代码更难阅读，我深表歉意。

Answer 1

你永远不会进入递归:

// this method is called with value 0
void SubwaySystem::SearchRoute(int Current_Station_ID)
{
    while(Current_Station_ID < 33)
    {
        cout << "In while loop\n";
        // \\ Checking progress
        if(Current_Station_ID == 0)  //Find a successful route to Station L
        {
            count_routes++; //Add 1 into the variable “count_routes”
            cout << "In if statement\n";
            // \\Checking progress
            cout << count_routes << " " << my_track[Current_Station_ID] << endl; //Print out this route
            return; // ERROR: here you return from the very 1st method call, breaking the search
        }