c++ - CMake 无法找到 boost_asio

Question

我正在尝试在我的新 C++ 项目中安装和使用 Boost 1.60.0。 (我使用 Ubuntu、CLion 和 CMake 进行开发和构建)。

我做了什么？

1. 我从 link provided 下载了 Boost在网站上。
2. 解压到/devenv/boost160(/devenv/boost160是根目录，我把原文件夹改名后)
3. 我从 /devenv/boost160 运行了 ./bootstrap.sh(一切正常；根据他们的 official documentation，不带参数运行它，将输出带入/usr/local)，一切顺利。
4. 我创建了一个 CLion 项目并将以下内容添加到 CMakeLists.txt。

---

set(BOOST_ROOT /usr/local/include/boost)
set(BOOST_LIBRARYDIR /usr/local/lib)
set(Boost_USE_MULTITHREAD ON)
set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
set(Boost_DEBUG ON)

find_package(Boost 1.60.0 REQUIRED COMPONENTS asio date_time)
IF (Boost_FOUND)
    include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})
endif()

---

1. 我运行了 CLion 的 Build 命令，得到了以下输出，基本上是说它无法找到 boost_asio。

---

/devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/bin/cmake --build /home/victor/.clion11/system/cmake/generated/50ae3d2f/50ae3d2f/Debug0 --target all -- -j 8
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:549 ] _boost_TEST_VERSIONS = 
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:551 ] Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED = TRUE
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:553 ] Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS = ON
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:555 ] Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME = ON
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:557 ] Boost_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS = 
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:559 ] Boost_NO_SYSTEM_PATHS = 
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:611 ] Declared as CMake or Environmental Variables:
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:613 ]   BOOST_ROOT = /usr/local/include/boost
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:615 ]   BOOST_INCLUDEDIR = 
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:617 ]   BOOST_LIBRARYDIR = /usr/local/lib
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:619 ] _boost_TEST_VERSIONS = 
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:712 ] location of version.hpp: /usr/local/include/boost/version.hpp
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:736 ] version.hpp reveals boost 1.60.0
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:822 ] guessed _boost_COMPILER = -gcc48
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:832 ] _boost_MULTITHREADED = -mt
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:875 ] _boost_RELEASE_ABI_TAG = -s
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:877 ] _boost_DEBUG_ABI_TAG = -sd
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:931 ] _boost_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DIRS_RELEASE = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu;NO_DEFAULT_PATH;NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_boost_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DIRS_DEBUG   = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu;NO_DEFAULT_PATH;NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1043 ] Searching for ASIO_LIBRARY_RELEASE: boost_asio-gcc48-mt-s-1_60;boost_asio-gcc48-mt-s;boost_asio-mt-s-1_60;boost_asio-mt-s;boost_asio
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:343 ]  Boost_LIBRARY_DIR_RELEASE = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu _boost_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DIRS_RELEASE = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu;NO_DEFAULT_PATH;NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1085 ] Searching for ASIO_LIBRARY_DEBUG: boost_asio-gcc48-mt-sd-1_60;boost_asio-gcc48-mt-sd;boost_asio-mt-sd-1_60;boost_asio-mt-sd;boost_asio-mt;boost_asio
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:343 ]  Boost_LIBRARY_DIR_DEBUG = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu _boost_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DIRS_DEBUG = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu;NO_DEFAULT_PATH;NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1043 ] Searching for DATE_TIME_LIBRARY_RELEASE: boost_date_time-gcc48-mt-s-1_60;boost_date_time-gcc48-mt-s;boost_date_time-mt-s-1_60;boost_date_time-mt-s;boost_date_time
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:343 ]  Boost_LIBRARY_DIR_RELEASE = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu _boost_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DIRS_RELEASE = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu;NO_DEFAULT_PATH;NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1085 ] Searching for DATE_TIME_LIBRARY_DEBUG: boost_date_time-gcc48-mt-sd-1_60;boost_date_time-gcc48-mt-sd;boost_date_time-mt-sd-1_60;boost_date_time-mt-sd;boost_date_time-mt;boost_date_time
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:343 ]  Boost_LIBRARY_DIR_DEBUG = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu _boost_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DIRS_DEBUG = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu;NO_DEFAULT_PATH;NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
-- [ /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1151 ] Boost_FOUND = 1
CMake Error at /devenv/clion-1.1/bin/cmake/share/cmake-3.3/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1245 (message):
  Unable to find the requested Boost libraries.

  Boost version: 1.60.0

  Boost include path: /usr/local/include

  Could not find the following static Boost libraries:

          boost_asio

  Some (but not all) of the required Boost libraries were found.  You may
  need to install these additional Boost libraries.  Alternatively, set
  BOOST_LIBRARYDIR to the directory containing Boost libraries or BOOST_ROOT
  to the location of Boost.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  CMakeLists.txt:12 (find_package)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/home/victor/.clion11/system/cmake/generated/50ae3d2f/50ae3d2f/Debug0/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
make: *** [cmake_check_build_system] Error 1

---

根据我的配置，如何在我的项目中使用 Boost 1.60.0？谢谢!

Answer 1

Boost.Asio 是一个只有头文件的库。用于定位 Boost 组件 (FindBoost.cmake) 的标准 CMake 函数仅将具有预构建库的组件视为组件，假设仅 header 组件与其余 Boost header 一起安装完成。所以你应该使用 find_package(Boost 1.60.0 REQUIRED date_time)(date_time 实际上有预构建的库，可以通过 FindBoost.cmake 找到)。

我想说 FindBoost.cmake 可以 boost 以隐藏仅 header 库与应用程序开发人员的真实预构建库之间的差异。但现在是后者的责任。

编辑 关于 system_category 的错误:您还需要 Boost.System 库，因此 find_package 调用应该类似于 find_package(Boost 1.60.0 REQUIRED date_time system)然后在 target_link_libraries 中使用 Boost_SYSTEM_LIBRARY。不幸的是，Boost 似乎仍然使用它自己的 system_category 实现，而后者是 standardized in C++11