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c++ - 从内存写入时有时会损坏 TGA 文件

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-11-28 04:37:03 24 4
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当从内存写入图像缓冲区(包含从 tga 文件加载的 RGBA 像素数据)到文件返回时,我有时观察到一个奇怪的行为

图像缓冲区是从 TGA 文件加载的,该文件使用从该线程窃取和改编的算法:

Loading a tga/bmp file in C++/OpenGL

我从这个地址窃取并改编的写法:

http://www.paulbourke.net/dataformats/tga/

这是一个最小的可编译示例,其中 tileA.tga 被正确地保存回光盘作为 tileA_new.tga,但 TileB_new.tga 已损坏(图形看起来很奇怪,像素错误)!为什么 TileB_new.tga 坏了?

这两个源 tga 文件不同,但可以在 gimp 和 irfanview 中正确查看它们,我仔细检查了加载算法。它有效,因为当我将两个加载的图 block (使用 OpenGL)的图像缓冲区渲染到屏幕时,它们看起来是正确的!但是将原始缓冲区写入磁盘的行为不同,为什么?我在十六进制编辑器中比较了源 tga 文件的标题,但它们是相等的。书面的 tga 文件也有相同的标题。我可以看到,tileB.tga 的大小是 tileA.tga 的 5 倍,但这似乎是正确的,因为 gimp/irfanview 显示它们是正确的。也许你可以看到我在这里犯的错误?

//包含两个 tga 文件的小型 visual-studio-project 可在此处下载 https://www.file-upload.net/download-13208817/StackOverflowTGA.zip.html

最小示例:

#include <vector>
#include <fstream>

//special-sausage for microsoft
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
#endif

//=========================================
// Code for loading a TGA-file
//=========================================
typedef union PixelInfo
{
std::uint32_t Colour;
struct
{
std::uint8_t R, G, B, A;
};
} *PPixelInfo;

class Tga
{
private:
std::vector<std::uint8_t> Pixels;
bool ImageCompressed;
std::uint32_t width, height, size, BitsPerPixel;

public:
Tga(const char* FilePath);
std::vector<std::uint8_t> GetPixels() { return this->Pixels; }
std::uint32_t GetWidth() const { return this->width; }
std::uint32_t GetHeight() const { return this->height; }
std::uint32_t GetBitsPerPixel() const { return this->BitsPerPixel; }
bool HasAlphaChannel() { return BitsPerPixel == 32; }
};

Tga::Tga(const char* FilePath)
{
std::fstream hFile(FilePath, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
if (!hFile.is_open()) { throw std::invalid_argument("File Not Found."); }

std::uint8_t Header[18] = { 0 };
std::vector<std::uint8_t> ImageData;
static std::uint8_t DeCompressed[12] = { 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0 };
static std::uint8_t IsCompressed[12] = { 0x0, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0 };

hFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&Header), sizeof(Header));

if (!std::memcmp(DeCompressed, &Header, sizeof(DeCompressed)))
{
BitsPerPixel = Header[16];
width = Header[13] * 256 + Header[12];
height = Header[15] * 256 + Header[14];
size = ((width * BitsPerPixel + 31) / 32) * 4 * height;

if ((BitsPerPixel != 24) && (BitsPerPixel != 32))
{
hFile.close();
throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid File Format. Required: 24 or 32 Bit Image.");
}

ImageData.resize(size);
ImageCompressed = false;
hFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(ImageData.data()), size);
}
else if (!std::memcmp(IsCompressed, &Header, sizeof(IsCompressed)))
{
BitsPerPixel = Header[16];
width = Header[13] * 256 + Header[12];
height = Header[15] * 256 + Header[14];
size = ((width * BitsPerPixel + 31) / 32) * 4 * height;

if ((BitsPerPixel != 24) && (BitsPerPixel != 32))
{
hFile.close();
throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid File Format. Required: 24 or 32 Bit Image.");
}

PixelInfo Pixel = { 0 };
int CurrentByte = 0;
std::size_t CurrentPixel = 0;
ImageCompressed = true;
std::uint8_t ChunkHeader = { 0 };
int BytesPerPixel = (BitsPerPixel / 8);
ImageData.resize(static_cast<size_t>(width) * static_cast<size_t>(height) * sizeof(PixelInfo));

do
{
hFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&ChunkHeader), sizeof(ChunkHeader));

if (ChunkHeader < 128)
{
++ChunkHeader;
for (int I = 0; I < ChunkHeader; ++I, ++CurrentPixel)
{
hFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&Pixel), BytesPerPixel);

ImageData[CurrentByte++] = Pixel.B;
ImageData[CurrentByte++] = Pixel.G;
ImageData[CurrentByte++] = Pixel.R;
if (BitsPerPixel > 24) ImageData[CurrentByte++] = Pixel.A;
}
}
else
{
ChunkHeader -= 127;
hFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&Pixel), BytesPerPixel);

for (int I = 0; I < ChunkHeader; ++I, ++CurrentPixel)
{
ImageData[CurrentByte++] = Pixel.B;
ImageData[CurrentByte++] = Pixel.G;
ImageData[CurrentByte++] = Pixel.R;
if (BitsPerPixel > 24) ImageData[CurrentByte++] = Pixel.A;
}
}
} while (CurrentPixel < (static_cast<size_t>(width) * static_cast<size_t>(height)));
}
else
{
hFile.close();
throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid File Format. Required: 24 or 32 Bit TGA File.");
}

hFile.close();
this->Pixels = ImageData;
}

//=========================================
// code for writing a TGA-file
//=========================================
void writeTGA(const std::string &refFile, Tga &refTGA)
{
unsigned short width = static_cast<unsigned short>(refTGA.GetWidth());
unsigned short height = static_cast<unsigned short>(refTGA.GetWidth());
unsigned char bitsPerPixel = static_cast<unsigned char>(refTGA.GetBitsPerPixel());
unsigned char bitsAlphaChannel = (bitsPerPixel == 32 ? 8 : 0);

FILE * fptr = fopen(refFile.c_str(), "w");

putc(0, fptr);
putc(0, fptr);
putc(2, fptr); /* uncompressed RGB */
putc(0, fptr); putc(0, fptr);
putc(0, fptr); putc(0, fptr);
putc(0, fptr);
putc(0, fptr); putc(0, fptr); /* X origin */
putc(0, fptr); putc(0, fptr); /* y origin */
putc((width & 0x00FF), fptr);
putc((width & 0xFF00) / 256, fptr);
putc((height & 0x00FF), fptr);
putc((height & 0xFF00) / 256, fptr);
putc(bitsPerPixel, fptr); /* 24/32 bit bitmap */
putc(bitsAlphaChannel, fptr); /* When 32 bit, write 8, else 0 */

auto pixelData = refTGA.GetPixels();

for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(width) * static_cast<size_t>(height) * (bitsPerPixel/8); i += (bitsPerPixel/8))
{
unsigned char r = pixelData[i];
unsigned char g = pixelData[i + 1];
unsigned char b = pixelData[i + 2];
unsigned char a = (bitsAlphaChannel == 8 ? pixelData[i + 3] : 0);

putc(b, fptr);
putc(g, fptr);
putc(r, fptr);

if (bitsAlphaChannel == 8)
putc(a, fptr);
}

fclose(fptr);
}

//=========================================
// main
//=========================================
int main()
{
Tga oTgaA("tileA.tga");
writeTGA("tileA_new.tga", oTgaA); // works correct as aspected

Tga oTgaB("tileB.tga");
writeTGA("tileB_new.tga", oTgaB); // graphic-file has artefacts, why?
}

最佳答案

由于我的评论似乎已经解决了问题(见上^^^^)。我将在这里展开。

在 Windows(至少是 Microsoft 的 CRT)上,以文本模式写入文件和以二进制模式写入文件之间存在显着差异。

具体来说,任何匹配 '\n' 的字符都将扩展为两个字符序列“\r\n”。此外,某些函数应用 MB 和 unicode 字符之间的转换。有关详细信息,请参阅有关 fopen 的 MSDN 文档,网址为:https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/yeby3zcb.aspx

因此,当读取/写入非文本数据时,请务必将 "rb""wb" 标志适本地传递给 fopen

在 Posix 系统上,此注意事项不适用,但明确您的意图仍然是一种很好的做法。

关于c++ - 从内存写入时有时会损坏 TGA 文件,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51114208/

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