c++ - 无法将 BOTAN 库与 Eclipse 链接

Question

我已经安装并构建了 BOTAN密码库。

一切似乎都已正确安装，因为我在 /usr/local/lib 目录中有以下条目:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   7676350 2012-06-03 11:01 libbotan-1.10.a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        20 2012-06-03 11:01 libbotan-1.10.so -> libbotan-1.10.so.0.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        20 2012-06-03 11:01 libbotan-1.10.so.0 -> libbotan-1.10.so.0.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   3396354 2012-06-03 11:01 libbotan-1.10.so.0.1

并且在 /usr/local/include 中也是:

drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 2012-06-03 11:01 botan-1.10

最终我设法将这些库包含在我的程序的主体中，并且编写的代码没有错误。

然而，在构建我的项目(在 Eclipse Indigo 上)时，我在控制台上得到以下输出，带有红色 stderr 样式:

error while loading shared libraries: libbotan-1.10.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

我要执行的代码如下:

try
{
    cout << "In try" << endl;
    Botan::LibraryInitializer init;
}catch(std::exception& e)
{
    cout << "In catch" << endl;
    cerr << e.what() << endl;
}

我有以下疑惑:

1. 是链接器的问题吗？ (如果是，为什么不是链接器抛出错误，而是 stderr？)

2. 如果没有，我怎样才能让我的程序找到实际存在的 libbotan-1.10.so.0 文件？ (在 /usr/local/lib)。

请注意，我的环境变量 $LD_LIBRARY_PATH 当前已设置，并且具有以下值:

$> echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$> /usr/local/lib/

---

编译器命令行:

调用:GCC C++ 编译器

g++ -I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2 -I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10 -O3 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -std=c++0x -v -MMD -MP -MF"mainOobClient.d" -MT"mainOobClient.d" -o "mainOobClient.o" "../mainOobClient.cpp"

g++ -I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2 -I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10 -O3 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -std=c++0x -v -MMD -MP -MF"oobClientClass.d" -MT"oobClientClass.d" -o "oobClientClass.o" "../oobClientClass.cpp"

调用:GCC C++ 链接器

g++ -L/usr/local/lib -o  "MTVS_oobClient"  ./mainOobClient.o ./oobClientClass.o   -lbotan-1.10

---

完整的构建输出:

Build of configuration Debug for project MTVS_oobClient

make all 
Building file: ../mainOobClient.cpp
Invoking: GCC C++ Compiler
g++ -I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2 -I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10 -O3 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -std=c++0x -v -MMD -MP -MF"mainOobClient.d" -MT"mainOobClient.d" -o "mainOobClient.o" "../mainOobClient.cpp"
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/lto-wrapper
Target: i686-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.5.2-8ubuntu4' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.5/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.5 --enable-shared --enable-multiarch --with-multiarch-defaults=i386-linux-gnu --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.5 --libdir=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-plugin --enable-gold --enable-ld=default --with-plugin-ld=ld.gold --enable-objc-gc --enable-targets=all --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=i686-linux-gnu --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.5.2 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.5.2-8ubuntu4) 
Finished building: ../mainOobClient.cpp

Building file: ../oobClientClass.cpp
Invoking: GCC C++ Compiler
g++ -I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2 -I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10 -O3 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -std=c++0x -v -MMD -MP -MF"oobClientClass.d" -MT"oobClientClass.d" -o "oobClientClass.o" "../oobClientClass.cpp"
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2' '-I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10' '-O3' '-g3' '-Wall' '-c' '-fmessage-length=0' '-std=c++0x' '-v' '-MMD' '-MP' '-MFmainOobClient.d' '-MTmainOobClient.d' '-o' 'mainOobClient.o' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'
 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/cc1plus -quiet -v -I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2 -I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10 -MMD mainOobClient.d -MFmainOobClient.d -MP -MTmainOobClient.d -MQ mainOobClient.o -dD -D_GNU_SOURCE ../mainOobClient.cpp -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -quiet -dumpbase mainOobClient.cpp -mtune=generic -march=i686 -auxbase-strip mainOobClient.o -g3 -O3 -Wall -std=c++0x -version -fmessage-length=0 -fstack-protector -o /tmp/ccLIYQkV.s
Finished building: ../oobClientClass.cpp
GNU C++ (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.5.2-8ubuntu4) version 4.5.2 (i686-linux-gnu)

Building target: MTVS_oobClient
Invoking: GCC C++ Linker
g++  ./mainOobClient.o ./oobClientClass.o   -lbotan-1.10 -L/usr/local/lib -o  "MTVS_oobClient"
    compiled by GNU C version 4.5.2, GMP version 4.3.2, MPFR version 3.0.0-p8, MPC version 0.9
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/i386-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/../../../../../i686-linux-gnu/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/include/c++/4.5.2"
  as it is a non-system directory that duplicates a system directory
Finished building target: MTVS_oobClient
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/local/include/botan-1.10

 /usr/include/c++/4.5
 /usr/include/c++/4.5/i686-linux-gnu
 /usr/include/c++/4.5/backward
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/include
 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/include-fixed
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu
 /usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C++ (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.5.2-8ubuntu4) version 4.5.2 (i686-linux-gnu)
    compiled by GNU C version 4.5.2, GMP version 4.3.2, MPFR version 3.0.0-p8, MPC version 0.9
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 0c5cb630517b5952f4898dfa56d7e8e5
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2' '-I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10' '-O3' '-g3' '-Wall' '-c' '-fmessage-length=0' '-std=c++0x' '-v' '-MMD' '-MP' '-MFmainOobClient.d' '-MTmainOobClient.d' '-o' 'mainOobClient.o' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'
 as -V -Qy --32 -o mainOobClient.o /tmp/ccLIYQkV.s
GNU assembler version 2.21.0 (i686-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.21.0.20110327
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2' '-I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10' '-O3' '-g3' '-Wall' '-c' '-fmessage-length=0' '-std=c++0x' '-v' '-MMD' '-MP' '-MFmainOobClient.d' '-MTmainOobClient.d' '-o' 'mainOobClient.o' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/lto-wrapper
Target: i686-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.5.2-8ubuntu4' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.5/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.5 --enable-shared --enable-multiarch --with-multiarch-defaults=i386-linux-gnu --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.5 --libdir=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-plugin --enable-gold --enable-ld=default --with-plugin-ld=ld.gold --enable-objc-gc --enable-targets=all --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=i686-linux-gnu --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.5.2 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.5.2-8ubuntu4) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2' '-I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10' '-O3' '-g3' '-Wall' '-c' '-fmessage-length=0' '-std=c++0x' '-v' '-MMD' '-MP' '-MFoobClientClass.d' '-MToobClientClass.d' '-o' 'oobClientClass.o' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'
 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/cc1plus -quiet -v -I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2 -I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10 -MMD oobClientClass.d -MFoobClientClass.d -MP -MToobClientClass.d -MQ oobClientClass.o -dD -D_GNU_SOURCE ../oobClientClass.cpp -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -quiet -dumpbase oobClientClass.cpp -mtune=generic -march=i686 -auxbase-strip oobClientClass.o -g3 -O3 -Wall -std=c++0x -version -fmessage-length=0 -fstack-protector -o /tmp/ccTuqeWw.s
GNU C++ (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.5.2-8ubuntu4) version 4.5.2 (i686-linux-gnu)
    compiled by GNU C version 4.5.2, GMP version 4.3.2, MPFR version 3.0.0-p8, MPC version 0.9
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/i386-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/../../../../../i686-linux-gnu/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/include/c++/4.5.2"
  as it is a non-system directory that duplicates a system directory
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/local/include/botan-1.10
 /usr/include/c++/4.5
 /usr/include/c++/4.5/i686-linux-gnu
 /usr/include/c++/4.5/backward
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/include
 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/include-fixed
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu
 /usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C++ (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.5.2-8ubuntu4) version 4.5.2 (i686-linux-gnu)
    compiled by GNU C version 4.5.2, GMP version 4.3.2, MPFR version 3.0.0-p8, MPC version 0.9
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 0c5cb630517b5952f4898dfa56d7e8e5
../oobClientClass.cpp: In member function ‘void oobClientClass::authenticateTransaction()’:
../oobClientClass.cpp:126:29: warning: ignoring return value of ‘int scanf(const char*, ...)’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result
../oobClientClass.cpp:164:63: warning: ignoring return value of ‘ssize_t write(int, const void*, size_t)’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result
../oobClientClass.cpp:59:6: warning: ‘confirmationChoice’ may be used uninitialized in this function
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2' '-I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10' '-O3' '-g3' '-Wall' '-c' '-fmessage-length=0' '-std=c++0x' '-v' '-MMD' '-MP' '-MFoobClientClass.d' '-MToobClientClass.d' '-o' 'oobClientClass.o' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'
 as -V -Qy --32 -o oobClientClass.o /tmp/ccTuqeWw.s
GNU assembler version 2.21.0 (i686-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.21.0.20110327
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.5.2/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I/usr/include/c++/4.5.2' '-I/usr/local/include/botan-1.10' '-O3' '-g3' '-Wall' '-c' '-fmessage-length=0' '-std=c++0x' '-v' '-MMD' '-MP' '-MFoobClientClass.d' '-MToobClientClass.d' '-o' 'oobClientClass.o' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=i686'

**** Build Finished ****

Answer 1

错误是在运行时出现的。您需要在构建时指定二进制文件的 rpath - 您有:

-L/usr/local/lib

您还需要:

-Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/lib

这指示 ld 在运行时尝试查找库时使用此路径。您的 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 可能已被 eclipse 的启动程序覆盖，这就是未使用该变量的原因。

备选方案:

确保/usr/local/lib在/etc/ld.so.conf中，并且ldconfig已经安装库后运行。

链接到 .a，使用命令行:

g++ -o  "MTVS_oobClient"  ./mainOobClient.o ./oobClientClass.o -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,-Bstatic -lbotan-1.10 -Wl,-Bdynamic

或使用:

g++ -o  "MTVS_oobClient"  ./mainOobClient.o ./oobClientClass.o /usr/local/lib/libbotan-1.10.a

...两者应该有相同的效果