c++ - LNK2019:未解析的外部符号 _WinMain@16 在函数 ___tmainCRTStartup 中引用

Question

已经用 Google 搜索了几个小时来解决这个错误，发现很多人都遇到了这个错误，但还没有找到适合我自己情况的解决方案。

Most of the time the solution is to change the SubSystem to the appropriate option in the solution's properties, either to Console or Windows.但是我的设置为 Windows，这对我来说是正确的。

当我创建这个解决方案时，我使用了 File > New > Project > Win32 Project > (selected) Windows application > (checked) Empty project

我的字符集设置为 Unicode，我认为这是默认值。

这是我的代码，main.cpp:

// STANDARD WINDOWS HEADERS
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <atlbase.h>

// D3D9 HEADERS
#include <d3d9.h>

// USER MADE HEADERS
#include "errorhelper.h"

#pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "DxErr.lib")

// GLOBALS
CComPtr<IDirect3D9>                 d3d;
CComPtr<IDirect3DDevice9>           d3ddev;
CComPtr<IDirect3DVertexBuffer9>     vbuffer;
CComPtr<IDirect3DIndexBuffer9>      ibuffer;

namespace GameEngine
{
    // define the windowed resolution
    #define SCREEN_WIDTH    1280                                // horizontal resolution
    #define SCREEN_HEIGHT   720                                 // vertical resolution
    #define CheckHr(hr) CheckForDxError(__FILE__,__LINE__,hr)
    #define D3DFVF_VERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZRHW|D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)

    struct VERTEX
    {
        FLOAT x, y, z, rhw;
        DWORD color;
    };

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: InitVB()
    // Desc: Initializes the vertex buffer
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void InitVB()
    {
        VERTEX vertices[] = 
        {
            {0.0f,  0.0f,   0.0f,   1.0f,   0xffffffff},
            {10.0f, 0.0f,   0.0f,   1.0f,   0xffffffff},
            {10.0f, 10.0f,  0.0f,   1.0f,   0xffffffff},
            {0.0f,  10.0f,  0.0f,   1.0f,   0xffffffff},
        };      
        CheckHr(d3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(vertices), 0, D3DFVF_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &vbuffer, NULL));
        void* pvertices;
        CheckHr(vbuffer->Lock(0, sizeof(vertices), (void**) &pvertices, 0));
        memcpy(pvertices, vertices, sizeof(vertices));
        CheckHr(vbuffer->Unlock());
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: InitIB()
    // Desc: Initializes the index buffer
    //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void InitIB()
    {
        short indices[] =
        {
            0, 1, 2,
            2, 3, 0
        };
        CheckHr(d3ddev->CreateIndexBuffer(sizeof(indices), 0, D3DFMT_INDEX16, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &ibuffer, NULL));
        void* pindices;
        CheckHr(ibuffer->Lock(0, sizeof(indices), (void**) &pindices, 0));
        memcpy(pindices, indices, sizeof(indices));
        CheckHr(ibuffer->Unlock());
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: Render()
    // Desc: Draws the scene
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void Render()
    {
        if( d3ddev == NULL )
            return;

        CheckHr(d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 0, 255 ), 1.0f, 0));

        CheckHr(d3ddev->BeginScene());

        CheckHr(d3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, vbuffer, 0, sizeof(VERTEX)));
        CheckHr(d3ddev->SetIndices(ibuffer));
        CheckHr(d3ddev->SetFVF(D3DFVF_VERTEX));

        CheckHr(d3ddev->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 4, 0, 2));

        CheckHr(d3ddev->EndScene());

        CheckHr(d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: InitD3D()
    // Desc: Initializes Direct3D
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void InitD3D( HWND hWnd )
    {
        // Create the d3d object
        d3d.Attach(::Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION));
        if( NULL == d3d )
            throw("Failed to create Direct3D object");

        // Set the device settings
        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
        ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));
        d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH;                   // width of back buffer
        d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT;                 // height of the back buffer
        d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;                              // number of back buffers
        d3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_4_SAMPLES;       // MSAA (anti-alia, number of samples
        d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;               // how to swap the front and back buffer
        d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;                             // handle to the window
        d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;                                  // fullscreen/windowed

        // Create the device 
        CheckHr( d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, 
                                        D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, 
                                        hWnd, 
                                        D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, 
                                        &d3dpp, &d3ddev ));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: Cleanup()
    // Desc: Releases all previously initialized objects
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void Cleanup()
    {
        d3d = 0;
        d3ddev = 0;
        vbuffer = 0;
        ibuffer = 0;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: WindowProc()
    // Desc: The window's message handler
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
        switch(msg)
        {
            // the message that is sent when you click on the red x
            case WM_DESTROY:
                Cleanup();
                PostQuitMessage(0);
                return 0;

            case WM_PAINT:
                Render();
                ValidateRect( hWnd, NULL );
                return 0;
        }

        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
    }   

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: WinMain()
    // Desc: The application's entry point
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
    {
        // Create the window class
        WNDCLASSEX wc;
        ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));
        wc.cbSize           = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);           
        wc.style            = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;      
        wc.lpfnWndProc      = WindowProc;                   
        wc.hInstance        = hInstance;                    
        wc.hCursor          = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);  
        wc.hbrBackground    = (HBRUSH)COLOR_WINDOW;         
        wc.lpszClassName    = L"WindowClass1";              

        // Register the window class
        RegisterClassEx(&wc);

        // Calculate the neede window size
        RECT ws = {0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT};          
        AdjustWindowRect(&ws, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE);

        // Ceate the window
        HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, L"WindowClass1", L"Game Engine", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,  
                                   300, 300, ws.right - ws.left, ws.bottom - ws.top, 
                                   NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);    
        // Initialize Direct3D
        InitD3D(hWnd);

        InitVB();
        InitIB();

        // Show the window
        ShowWindow( hWnd, nCmdShow );

        // The message loop.
        MSG msg; 
        while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
        {
            TranslateMessage( &msg );
            DispatchMessage( &msg );
        }


        UnregisterClass( L"WindowClass1", hInstance );
        return 0;
    }   
}

和errorhelper.h:

#include <Windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <comdef.h>
#include <DxErr.h>

#pragma comment (lib, "DxErr.lib")

void CheckForDxError(const char *file, int line, HRESULT hr)
{
    if (!FAILED(hr))
        return;

    // Get the direct X error and description
    char desc[1024];
    sprintf( desc,  "(DX) %s - %s" , DXGetErrorString(hr),  DXGetErrorDescription(hr) );

    // Output the file and line number in the correct format + the above DX error
    char buf[4096];
    sprintf( buf,  "%s(%d) : Error: %s\n", file, line, desc);

    OutputDebugStringA(buf);

    // Cause the debugger to break here so we can fix the problem
    DebugBreak();
}

如果还需要任何信息，请询问，

谢谢

Answer 1

您将 WinMain 放入 C++ 命名空间。 WinMain() 必须是全局命名空间中的自由函数，而不是您的应用程序命名空间中的。