c++ - 使用 std::tr1::function 的成员回调函数出现“不匹配”错误

Question

我正在尝试使用指向公共(public)成员函数的 str::tr1::function 创建回调函数。

std::tr1::function < int (const string& , const MessageInfo* , const void* , const int , const void* ) > dssCallBack;
dssCallBack = &ABC::mDBtoDScallback;

此回调将传递给类 ABC 的另一个函数体内的函数。 ABC::mDBtoDScallback 的签名是

int DataserviceSubscriber::mDBtoDScallback(const string& strTopic, const MessageInfo* messageInfo, const void* data, const int dataLen, const void* callback_data)

当我尝试编译它时，我从 g++ 得到以下错误。

In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1/functional:56,
                 from ../src/bmrk/databus/ABC.hpp:17,
                 from ../src/bmrk/databus/ABC.cpp:1:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional: In static member function ‘static _Res std::tr1::_Function_handler<_Res(_ArgTypes ...), _Member _Class::*>::_M_invoke(const std::tr1::_Any_data&, _ArgTypes ...) [with _Class = ABC, _Member = int(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*), _Res = int, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:2005:   instantiated from ‘std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::function(_Functor, typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<(! std::tr1::is_integral::value), std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::_Useless>::__type) [with _Functor = int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*), _Res = int, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1885:   instantiated from ‘typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<(! std::tr1::is_integral::value), std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>&>::__type std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator=(_Functor) [with _Functor = int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*), _Res = int, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’
../src/bmrk/databus/dataservice_subscriber.cpp:266:   instantiated from here

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1714: error: no match for call to ‘(std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>) (const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, const MessageInfo*&, const void*&, int&, const void*&)’

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:546: note: candidates are: _Res std::tr1::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&, _ArgTypes ...) const [with _Res = int, _Class = ABC, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:551: note:                 _Res std::tr1::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class*, _ArgTypes ...) const [with _Res = int, _Class = ABC, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]

我想看看我在这里做错了什么，但无法发现它。我试图查找但找不到其他有类似问题的人。我可以使用 C 风格的 typedef，但我想使用并保持 C++ 风格，在这个过程中也习惯了 C++11 中的一些新东西。

谢谢。

编辑:根据 Michael Burr 的要求，根据此处的引用，回调是从一个函数中调用的 http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/functional/function

int ABC::subs_rt(const vector<string> &symbols, raw_callback_t raw_callback, void *app_data, Error *error)
{
    DBtoDS_callback_data cbData;
    cbData.subscriber_callback = raw_callback;
    cbData.raw_callback_app_data = app_data;
    cbData.err = error;

    // Perform processing on 'symbols'
    // dss is a member of class ABC and has been initialized in constructor
    dss->AddSubscriptionPrefix(symbols);
    b_cancel_subscription = false;

    std::tr1::function < int (const string& , const MessageInfo* , const void* , const int , const void* ) > dssCallBack;
    dssCallBack = &DataserviceSubscriber::mDBtoDScallback;

    dss->Subscribe(dssCallBack, static_cast<const void*>(&cbData));

    return 0;
}

回调本身看起来像

int ABC::mDBtoDScallback(const string& strTopic, const MessageInfo* messageInfo, const void* data, const int dataLen, const void* callback_data)
{
    const DBtoDS_callback_data* cbData = static_cast<const DBtoDS_callback_data*>(callback_data);

    if(0 == messageInfo) // Version 1
    {
        // Do callback Stuff
    }
    else // Version 2
    {
        Subscriber::timeval_t now;
        TimeUtils::now(now);
        std::string payload(static_cast<const char*>(data), dataLen);

        // Do callback Stuff
    }
}

int ABC::mDBtoDScallback 函数并不像 WhozCraig 猜测的那样是静态的。那是问题吗？我无法将此函数中使用的某些变量设为静态。有什么办法解决这个问题还是我必须使用 C 风格的函数指针？

谢谢。

编辑 2:根据 n.m.和 WhozCraig 的关注以及此链接 C++: Assigning a function to a tr1::function object

我将 ABC::subs_rt 函数中的行更改为

std::tr1::function < int (const string& , const MessageInfo* , const void* , const int , const void* ) > dssCallBack;
//dssCallBack = std::tr1::bind(&ABC::mDBtoDScallback, this, std::tr1::placeholders::_1);
dssCallBack = std::tr1::bind(&ABC::mDBtoDScallback, this);

我尝试了注释选项和未注释选项，但现在出现此错误

In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1/functional:56,
                 from ../src/bmrk/databus/ABC.hpp:17,
                 from ../src/bmrk/databus/ABC.cpp:1:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional: In member function ‘typename std::tr1::result_of<_Functor(typename std::tr1::result_of<std::tr1::_Mu<_Bound_args, std::tr1::is_bind_expression::value, (std::tr1::is_placeholder::value > 0)>(_Bound_args, std::tr1::tuple<_UElements ...>)>::type ...)>::type std::tr1::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::__call(const std::tr1::tuple<_UElements ...>&, std::tr1::_Index_tuple<_Indexes ...>) [with _Args = const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, const MessageInfo*&, const void*&, int&, const void*&, int ..._Indexes = 0, _Functor = std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>, _Bound_args = ABC*]’:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1191:   instantiated from ‘typename std::tr1::result_of<_Functor(typename std::tr1::result_of<std::tr1::_Mu<_Bound_args, std::tr1::is_bind_expression::value, (std::tr1::is_placeholder::value > 0)>(_Bound_args, std::tr1::tuple<_UElements ...>)>::type ...)>::type std::tr1::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args& ...) [with _Args = const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*, _Functor = std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>, _Bound_args = ABC*]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1654:   instantiated from ‘static _Res std::tr1::_Function_handler<_Res(_ArgTypes ...), _Functor>::_M_invoke(const std::tr1::_Any_data&, _ArgTypes ...) [with _Res = int, _Functor = std::tr1::_Bind<std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>(ABC*)>, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:2005:   instantiated from ‘std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::function(_Functor, typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<(! std::tr1::is_integral::value), std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::_Useless>::__type) [with _Functor = std::tr1::_Bind<std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>(ABC*)>, _Res = int, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1885:   instantiated from ‘typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<(! std::tr1::is_integral::value), std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>&>::__type std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator=(_Functor) [with _Functor = std::tr1::_Bind<std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>(ABC*)>, _Res = int, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’
../src/bmrk/databus/ABC.cpp:266:   instantiated from here
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1137: error: no match for call to ‘(std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>) (ABC*&)’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:546: note: candidates are: _Res std::tr1::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&, _ArgTypes ...) const [with _Res = int, _Class = ABC, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:551: note:                 _Res std::tr1::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class*, _ArgTypes ...) const [with _Res = int, _Class = ABC, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]
make[1]: *** [ABC.lo] Error 1

问题的解决:鉴于我的要求，决定使我的回调成为静态成员函数，并通过 const void* callback_data 传递一个指向父类对象的指针。作为静态函数，它可以访问 ABC 类的私有(private)函数并将参数传递给 raw_callback。我从所有评论中获得的帮助对我来说是一次重要的学习经历，并最终引导我找到了解决方案。

static int ABC::mDBtoDScallback(const string& strTopic, const MessageInfo* messageInfo, const void* data, const int dataLen, const void* callback_data)
{
    const DBtoDS_callback_data* cbData = static_cast<const DBtoDS_callback_data*>(callback_data);

    TimeUtils::now(now);
    std::string payload(static_cast<const char*>(data), dataLen);

    string symbol;
    string sym;
    int pri_s = 0;

    if(0 == messageInfo)
    {
        parse_topic(strTopic, symbol, pri_s, cbData->err);
    }
    else
    {
        symbol = messageInfo->key();
        pri_s = ( messageInfo->has_pri_s() ? messageInfo->pri_s() : 0 );
    }
    if (cbData->subs->symbols_need_translation())
    {
        cbData->subs->translate_symbol(cbData->subs->_translator, symbol, sym, false);
    }
    else
    {
        sym = symbol;
    }

    cbData->subscriber_callback(cbData->subs, sym, pri_s, cbData->subs->prod, payload, now, cbData->raw_callback_app_data, cbData->err);
}

谢谢。

Answer 1

来源很简单，只要您知道去哪里找。考虑以下代码:

std::tr1::function < int (const string& , const MessageInfo* , const void* , const int , const void* ) > dssCallBack;
dssCallBack = &ABC::mDBtoDScallback;
dssCallBack(std::string(), nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr);

这是什么？你从来没有提供过它。所以 std::function 不可能完成这项工作 - 您正在尝试调用一个成员但没有提供对象。 std::function 应该做什么，神奇地决定 this 应该是什么？

两种解决方案是，使用 std::bind 绑定(bind) this，或者将 this 作为参数传递，如 std::mem_fn.