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c++ - 使用 ispunct 的函数断言失败

转载 作者:太空宇宙 更新时间:2023-11-04 13:55:30 24 4
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我在构建“ReplacePuncsWithBlanks”函数后遇到断言失败。和我在数组首尾插入空格有什么关系吗?

 #include <iostream>
#include <ctype.h>

using namespace std;

const int SIZE = 100;

void GetString(char StringArray[]);
void CopyString(char StringArray[], char CopiedArray[]);
void MakeUpper(char CopiedArray[]);
void InsertBlanks(char CopiedArray[]);
void ReplacePuncsWithBlanks(char CopiedArray[]);
void DisplayString(char StringArray[], char CopiedArray[]);

int main()
{
char StringEntered[SIZE];
char CopiedString[SIZE];

GetString(StringEntered);
CopyString(StringEntered, CopiedString);
MakeUpper(CopiedString);
InsertBlanks(CopiedString);
ReplacePuncsWithBlanks(CopiedString);
DisplayString(StringEntered, CopiedString);

cout<<"Hit Enter.\n";
cin.ignore();

}
/***************************************GetString********************************************
* Action: Prompts user to enter some text. *
* *
* Parameters: *
* IN: *
* *
* OUT: StringArray which is the array holding the original text inputted by *
* the user *
* *
* Returns: Nothing. *
* *
* Precondition: StringArray points to StringEntered array in Main. *
*********************************************************************************************/
void GetString(char StringArray[])
{
cout<<"Please enter a sentence: ";
cin.getline(StringArray, SIZE);
}


/***************************************CopyString********************************************
* Action: Copies data from one array (StringArray) to another (CopiedArray). *
* *
* Parameters: *
* IN: StringArray which has existing data. *
* *
* OUT: CopiedArray which will be a copy of StringArray. *
* *
* Returns: Nothing. *
* *
* Precondition: StringArray points to StringEntered array in Main. *
* CopiedArray points to CopiedString array in Main. *
*********************************************************************************************/
void CopyString(char StringArray[], char CopiedArray[])
{
for(int i=0; i<SIZE; ++i)
{
CopiedArray[i]=StringArray[i];
}
}


/**************************************MakeUpper*********************************************
* Action: Changes characters in the array to an uppercase letter. *
* *
* Parameters: *
* IN: CopiedArray which has mixed case letters. *
* *
* OUT: CopiedArray which will have uppercase letters. *
* *
* Returns: Nothing. *
* *
* Precondition: CopiedArray points to CopiedString array in Main. *
*********************************************************************************************/
void MakeUpper(char CopiedArray[])
{
char c;
for(int i=0; i<SIZE; ++i)
{
c=CopiedArray[i];
CopiedArray[i]=toupper(c);
}
}


/***********************************InsertBlanks*********************************************
* Action: Moves elements in the array up one spot and replaces the first element *
* with a space as well as the last element.
* *
* Parameters: *
* IN: CopiedArray prior to inserting the spaces. *
* *
* OUT: CopiedArray which will have a space in the first element and at the end.*
* *
* Returns: Nothing. *
* *
* Precondition: CopiedArray points to CopiedString array in Main. *
*********************************************************************************************/
void InsertBlanks(char CopiedArray[]){
int temp=0;
for (int i=SIZE-1; i>0; --i)
{
if(CopiedArray[i]=='\0')
{
temp=i+1;
}
CopiedArray[i]=CopiedArray[i-1];
}
CopiedArray[0]=' ';
CopiedArray[temp]=' ';
CopiedArray[temp+1]='\0';
}

/********************************ReplacePuncsWithBlanks**************************************
* Action: Changes characters which are punctuation to whitepaces. *
* *
* Parameters: *
* IN: CopiedArray which may include punctuation. *
* *
* OUT: CopiedArray which will have have replaced punctuations with whitespaces.*
* *
* Returns: Nothing. *
* *
* Precondition: CopiedArray points to CopiedString array in Main. *
*********************************************************************************************/
void ReplacePuncsWithBlanks(char CopiedArray[])
{
for (int i=0; i<SIZE; ++i)
{
if (ispunct(CopiedArray[i]))
{
cout<<CopiedArray[i];
}
}

}

void DisplayString(char StringArray[], char CopiedArray[])
{
for(int i=0; i<SIZE; ++i)
{
if(StringArray[i]!='\0')
{
cout<<StringArray[i];
}
else
{
i=(SIZE-1);
}
}
cout<<endl;

for(int x=0; x<SIZE; ++x)
{
if(CopiedArray[x]!='\0')
{
cout<<CopiedArray[x];
}
else
{
x=(SIZE-1);
}
}
cout<<endl;
}

有什么想法吗?

最佳答案

main 函数的开头,StringEnteredCopiedString 都包含垃圾。

GetString 函数从输入中读取一行,并将 StringEntered开头替换为您输入的内容。然后是 \0 字节,其余的垃圾仍然存在。

稍后,CopyString 将您的输入、\0 字节和垃圾复制到 CopiedString

然后,函数 ReplacePuncsWithBlanks 对该内存块的每个字节进行操作。对于每个字节你都调用ispunct,这个函数很特别。它不希望它的参数是 char 类型(您可能认为是这样),而是 unsigned char 类型。查看documentation了解更多详情。

问题是 char 在您的平台上可以有 −128 到 127 之间的值,并且字符串末尾的垃圾肯定包含一些负值。这些值不允许作为 ispunct 函数的参数。

您很幸运,您遇到了断言错误。您的程序也可能无提示地失败或导致您的计算机爆炸。这称为未定义行为

要解决这个问题,您需要将参数转换为正确的类型:

void ReplacePuncsWithBlanks(char CopiedArray[])
{
for (int i=0; i<SIZE; ++i)
{
if (ispunct((unsigned char)CopiedArray[i]))
{
cout<<CopiedArray[i];
}
}
}

更好的做法是在看到字符串结束字节时立即停止循环:

for (int i = 0; i < SIZE && CopiedArray[i] != '\0'; i++) {

但即便如此,您也需要类型转换。

关于c++ - 使用 ispunct 的函数断言失败,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21664630/

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