c++ - VC2013 : function from bind not compiling

Question

这是一个简短的示例:

class A {};

class S {};

class B
{
public:
    typedef std::function <bool (A& retVal)> property_getter_t;
    typedef std::function<bool (B* /*this*/, const std::shared_ptr<S>&, A& retVal)> SettingsPropGetter;

    void DefineSettingsProperty(const std::wstring& name, const SettingsPropGetter& getter)
    {
        auto fn_g = std::bind(getter, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2);
        auto fn_gg = std::bind(&B::GetterHandler, this, fn_g, std::placeholders::_1);

        property_getter_t x = fn_gg;  // PROBLEM IS HERE
    }

    bool GetterHandler(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S>&, A&)>& getter, A& a)
    {
        std::shared_ptr <S> s;
        return getter (s, a);
    }
};

代码在 VC2010 下编译正常。在 VC2013 下，我不断收到一大堆错误。

怎么了？这能以某种方式解决吗？

错误如下:

1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\tuple(540): error C2504: 'std::tuple_element<0,std::tuple<>>' : base class undefined
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(900) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::tuple_element<1,_Ftuple>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ftuple=std::tuple<A &>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(946) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::_Fixarg_ret_base<_Placeholder,_Funx,std::_Ph<2>,_Ftuple>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Funx=std::function<bool (B *,const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)>
1>  ,            _Ftuple=std::tuple<A &>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(975) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::_Fixarg_ret<_Funx,std::_Ph<2> &,_Ftuple>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Funx=std::function<bool (B *,const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)>
1>  ,            _Ftuple=std::tuple<A &>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xrefwrap(58) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::_Do_call_ret<false,_Ret,std::function<bool (B *,const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)>,std::tuple<B *,std::_Ph<1>,std::_Ph<2>>,std::tuple<A &>,std::_Arg_idx<0,1,2>>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=void
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xrefwrap(118) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::_Result_of<_Fty,A &>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Fty=std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(914) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::result_of<_Bind_t (A &)>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Bind_t=std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(924) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::_Call_ret<_Barg,std::tuple<A &>,std::_Arg_idx<0>>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Barg=std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(946) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::_Fixarg_ret_base<_Bind_expression,_Funx,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &>,_Ftuple>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Funx=std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &> &
1>  ,            _Ftuple=std::tuple<A &>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(1148) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::_Fixarg_ret<std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &> &,_Ty,std::tuple<A &>>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ty=std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(1137) : see reference to function template instantiation 'bool std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>::_Do_call<A,0,1,2>(std::tuple<A &>,std::_Arg_idx<0,1,2>)' being compiled
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(1137) : see reference to function template instantiation 'bool std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>::_Do_call<A,0,1,2>(std::tuple<A &>,std::_Arg_idx<0,1,2>)' being compiled
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xrefwrap(283) : see reference to function template instantiation 'bool std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>::operator ()<A&>(A &)' being compiled
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xrefwrap(283) : see reference to function template instantiation 'bool std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>::operator ()<A&>(A &)' being compiled
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(228) : see reference to function template instantiation '_Ret std::_Callable_obj<std::_Bind<true,_Ret,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>,false>::_ApplyX<_Rx,A&>(A &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=bool
1>  ,            _Rx=bool
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(228) : see reference to function template instantiation '_Ret std::_Callable_obj<std::_Bind<true,_Ret,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>,false>::_ApplyX<_Rx,A&>(A &)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=bool
1>  ,            _Rx=bool
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(226) : while compiling class template member function 'bool std::_Func_impl<_MyWrapper,_Alloc,_Ret,A &>::_Do_call(A &)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<bool,A &>>
1>  ,            _Ret=bool
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(495) : see reference to class template instantiation 'std::_Func_impl<_MyWrapper,_Alloc,_Ret,A &>' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<bool,A &>>
1>  ,            _Ret=bool
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(396) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,A &>::_Do_alloc<_Myimpl,std::_Bind<true,_Ret,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>&,_Alloc>(_Fty,_Alloc)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=bool
1>  ,            _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<bool,A &>>
1>  ,            _Fty=std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &> &
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(396) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,A &>::_Do_alloc<_Myimpl,std::_Bind<true,_Ret,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>&,_Alloc>(_Fty,_Alloc)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=bool
1>  ,            _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<bool,A &>>
1>  ,            _Fty=std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &> &
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(385) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,A &>::_Reset_alloc<std::_Bind<true,_Ret,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>&,std::allocator<std::_Func_class<_Ret,A &>>>(_Fty,_Alloc)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=bool
1>  ,            _Fty=std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &> &
1>  ,            _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<bool,A &>>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(385) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,A &>::_Reset_alloc<std::_Bind<true,_Ret,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>&,std::allocator<std::_Func_class<_Ret,A &>>>(_Fty,_Alloc)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=bool
1>  ,            _Fty=std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &> &
1>  ,            _Alloc=std::allocator<std::_Func_class<bool,A &>>
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(671) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,A &>::_Reset<std::_Bind<true,_Ret,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>&>(_Fty)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=bool
1>  ,            _Fty=std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &> &
1>          ]
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(671) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void std::_Func_class<_Ret,A &>::_Reset<std::_Bind<true,_Ret,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>&>(_Fty)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ret=bool
1>  ,            _Fty=std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &> &
1>          ]
1>          c:\work\source\test.cpp(29) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::function<bool (A &)>::function<std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>&>(_Fx)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Fx=std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &> &
1>          ]
1>          c:\work\source\test.cpp(29) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::function<bool (A &)>::function<std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &>&>(_Fx)' being compiled
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Fx=std::_Bind<true,bool,std::_Pmf_wrap<bool (__thiscall B::* )(const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &),bool,B,const std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S> &,A &)> &,A &>,B *const ,std::_Bind<false,void,const B::SettingsPropGetter &,B *const ,std::_Ph<1> &,std::_Ph<2> &> &,std::_Ph<1> &> &
1>          ]
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(900): error C2039: 'type' : is not a member of 'std::tuple_element<1,_Ftuple>'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Ftuple=std::tuple<A &>
1>          ]
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(900): error C2146: syntax error : missing ',' before identifier 'type'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(900): error C2065: 'type' : undeclared identifier
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(900): error C2977: 'std::add_reference' : too many template arguments
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\type_traits(180) : see declaration of 'std::add_reference'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\functional(900): error C2955: 'std::add_reference' : use of class template requires template argument list
1>          c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\type_traits(180) : see declaration of 'std::add_reference'

c:\work\source\test.cpp(29) - 是我的源文件(“问题在这里”注释所在的位置)。

Answer 1

我通常会引用标准，但这里的标准语特别密集，所以我只解释发生了什么。

std::bind 在传递要绑定(bind)的参数时会做一些特殊的事情，前提是该参数是先前调用 std::bind 返回的函数对象。假设你这样做:

auto f = std::bind(foo, std::placeholders::_1);
auto g = std::bind(bar, f, std::placeholders::_1);

然后调用g(a) 大致等同于

bar(foo(a), a)

而不是

bar(f, a)

Demo .

也就是说，如果您将 bind 返回的内容作为要绑定(bind)的参数传递给 bind，那么最终将传递给您正在绑定(bind)的函数的内容是调用该绑定(bind)表达式的结果。这是一种组合。

但是，在您的代码中，您实际上不希望进行合成。 (当我尝试在 A 上调用您的 fn_gg 时，这种组合导致 g++ 发出 320 多行错误。谢天谢地，libc++ 的 Clang 只打印了 10 行。)您希望将 fn_g 视为普通参数。所以你可以将它包装在 std::function 中:

std::function<bool (const std::shared_ptr<S>&, A&)> fn_g = std::bind(getter, this, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2);