java - Maven pom.xml 问题(缺少项目构建错误 "version")

Question

所以我的 pom.xml 的顶部看起来像这样:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"             
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com</groupId>
<artifactId>test</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.2-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>GWT Maven Archetype</name>

但是，在第一行我收到错误:

Project Build Error: version is missing

后跟与 artifactid、groupid 和 model version 相同的短语。我不知道如何解决这个问题，我的一个 friend 建议我设置 JAVA_HOME 系统变量并将其设置为我的 JDK 路径。但一切都没有改变。我还可以尝试解决这个问题吗？我还听说过一些考虑系统变量和 java.home 的内容，但我并没有真正理解其中的区别以及如何用它解决我的问题。

<小时/>

编辑:这是完整的 pom:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
    http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com</groupId>
<artifactId>test</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.2-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>GWT Maven Archetype</name>

<properties>
    <!-- Convenience property to set the GWT version -->
    <gwtVersion>2.7.0</gwtVersion>

    <!-- GWT needs at least java 1.6 -->
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>

    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.gwt</groupId>
            <artifactId>gwt</artifactId>
            <version>${gwtVersion}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.gwt</groupId>
        <artifactId>gwt-servlet</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.gwt</groupId>
        <artifactId>gwt-user</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.gwt</groupId>
        <artifactId>gwt-dev</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.11</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.googlecode.gwtupload</groupId>
        <artifactId>gwtupload</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
    <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>de.novanic.gwteventservice</groupId>
        <artifactId>gwteventservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
        <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
        <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
        <version>2.8.1</version>
    </dependency>
    
    
</dependencies>

<build>
    <!-- Output classes directly into the webapp, so that IDEs and "mvn process-classes" 
        update them in DevMode -->
    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}/WEB-INF/classes</outputDirectory>

    <plugins>

        <!-- GWT Maven Plugin -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>gwt-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.0</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>compile</goal>
                        <goal>test</goal>
                        <goal>generateAsync</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
            <!-- Plugin configuration. There are many available options, see gwt-maven-plugin 
                documentation at codehaus.org -->
            <configuration>
                <runTarget>test.html</runTarget>
                <modules>
                    <module>com.test.test</module>
                </modules>
                <copyWebapp>true</copyWebapp>
                <sourceLevel>1.7</sourceLevel>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

这是mvn package -X的输出:

C:\Users\user\git\git>mvn package -X
Apache Maven 3.3.3 (7994120775791599e205a5524ec3e0dfe41d4a06; 2015-04-22T13:57:3
7+02:00)
Maven home: C:\Users\user\Downloads\apache-maven-3.3.3-bin (1)\apache-maven-3.
3.3\bin\..
Java version: 1.8.0_51, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_51\jre
Default locale: de_DE, platform encoding: Cp1252
OS name: "windows 7", version: "6.1", arch: "amd64", family: "dos"
[DEBUG] Created new class realm maven.api
[DEBUG] Importing foreign packages into class realm maven.api
[DEBUG]   Imported: javax.enterprise.inject.* < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: javax.enterprise.util.* < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: javax.inject.* < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.* < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.artifact < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.classrealm < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.cli < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.configuration < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.exception < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.execution < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.execution.scope < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.lifecycle < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.model < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.monitor < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.plugin < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.profiles < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.project < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.reporting < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.repository < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.rtinfo < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.settings < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.toolchain < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.usability < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.wagon.* < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.wagon.authentication < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.wagon.authorization < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.wagon.events < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.wagon.observers < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.wagon.proxy < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.wagon.repository < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.apache.maven.wagon.resource < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.classworlds < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.* < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.component < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.configuration < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.container < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.context < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.lifecycle < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.logging < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.personality < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.Xpp3Dom < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.pull.XmlPullParser < plexus.cor
e
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.pull.XmlPullParserException < p
lexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.codehaus.plexus.util.xml.pull.XmlSerializer < plexus.cor
e
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.* < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.artifact < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.collection < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.deployment < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.graph < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.impl < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.installation < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.internal.impl < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.metadata < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.repository < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.resolution < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.spi < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.transfer < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.eclipse.aether.version < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.slf4j.* < plexus.core
[DEBUG]   Imported: org.slf4j.spi.* < plexus.core
[DEBUG] Populating class realm maven.api
[INFO] Error stacktraces are turned on.
[DEBUG] Reading global settings from C:\Users\user\Downloads\apache-maven-3.3.
3-bin (1)\apache-maven-3.3.3\bin\..\conf\settings.xml
[DEBUG] Reading user settings from C:\Users\user\.m2\settings.xml
[DEBUG] Reading global toolchains from C:\Users\user\Downloads\apache-maven-3.
3.3-bin (1)\apache-maven-3.3.3\bin\..\conf\toolchains.xml
[DEBUG] Reading user toolchains from C:\Users\user\.m2\toolchains.xml
[DEBUG] Using local repository at C:\Users\user\.m2\repository
[DEBUG] Using manager EnhancedLocalRepositoryManager with priority 10.0 for C:\U
sers\user\.m2\repository
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[DEBUG] Extension realms for project com:test:war:0.0.2-SNAPSHOT: (none)
[DEBUG] Looking up lifecyle mappings for packaging war from ClassRealm[plexus.co
re, parent: null]
[ERROR] [ERROR] Some problems were encountered while processing the POMs:
[ERROR] 'modelVersion' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[u
nknown-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7
.0.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'groupId' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[unknow
n-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.0.po
m, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'artifactId' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[unk
nown-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.0
.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'version' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[unknow
n-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.0.po
m, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-servlet:jar is
missing. @ line 37, column 15
[ERROR] 'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-user:jar is mis
sing. @ line 42, column 15
[ERROR] 'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-dev:jar is miss
ing. @ line 47, column 15
 @
[ERROR] The build could not read 1 project -> [Help 1]
org.apache.maven.project.ProjectBuildingException: Some problems were encountere
d while processing the POMs:
[ERROR] 'modelVersion' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[u
nknown-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7
.0.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'groupId' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[unknow
n-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.0.po
m, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'artifactId' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[unk
nown-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.0
.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'version' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[unknow
n-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.0.po
m, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-servlet:jar is
missing. @ line 37, column 15
[ERROR] 'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-user:jar is mis
sing. @ line 42, column 15
[ERROR] 'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-dev:jar is miss
ing. @ line 47, column 15

        at org.apache.maven.project.DefaultProjectBuilder.build(DefaultProjectBu
ilder.java:422)
        at org.apache.maven.graph.DefaultGraphBuilder.collectProjects(DefaultGra
phBuilder.java:419)
        at org.apache.maven.graph.DefaultGraphBuilder.getProjectsForMavenReactor
(DefaultGraphBuilder.java:410)
        at org.apache.maven.graph.DefaultGraphBuilder.build(DefaultGraphBuilder.
java:83)
        at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.buildGraph(DefaultMaven.java:491)
        at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:219)
        at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:193)
        at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:106)
        at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:862)
        at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:286)
        at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:197)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
        at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Laun
cher.java:289)
        at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.jav
a:229)
        at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(La
uncher.java:415)
        at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:
356)
[ERROR]
[ERROR]   The project com:test:0.0.2-SNAPSHOT (C:\Users\user\git\git\pom.xm
l) has 7 errors
[ERROR]     'modelVersion' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id
]:[unknown-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt
-2.7.0.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR]     'groupId' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[un
known-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.
0.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR]     'artifactId' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:
[unknown-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2
.7.0.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR]     'version' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[un
known-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.
0.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR]     'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-servlet:jar
 is missing. @ line 37, column 15
[ERROR]     'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-user:jar is
 missing. @ line 42, column 15
[ERROR]     'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-dev:jar is
missing. @ line 47, column 15
[ERROR]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please rea
d the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/ProjectBuildin
gException

( http://pastebin.com/vJPPdqDQ )

(Stackoverflow 似乎只将其格式化为几行，我总是必须再次添加四个空格，我猜我使用的功能是错误的)

Answer 1

根据构建输出中的错误:

...
[ERROR] Some problems were encountered while processing the POMs:
[ERROR] 'modelVersion' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[unknown-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.0.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'groupId' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[unknown-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.0.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'artifactId' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[unknown-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.0.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'version' is missing. @ [unknown-group-id]:[unknown-artifact-id]:[unknown-version], C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\gwt-2.7.0.pom, line 2, column 27
[ERROR] 'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-servlet:jar ismissing. @ line 37, column 15
[ERROR] 'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-user:jar is missing. @ line 42, column 15
[ERROR] 'dependencies.dependency.version' for com.google.gwt:gwt-dev:jar is missing. @ line 47, column 15
...

您的 C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\com\google\gwt\gwt\2.7.0\ 目录中可能有某些内容已损坏(这种情况有时会发生，例如，如果在下载依赖项期间互联网连接中断或由于其他一些随后几乎无法追踪的原因)。删除错误消息中提到的目录并再次尝试构建。如果仍然存在错误，请重复。

(您也可以删除 C:\Users\user\.m2\repository\ 下的所有内容，但下一个构建需要更长的时间，因为所有 Maven 插件及其依赖项及其传递依赖项以及您的项目的依赖项及其传递依赖项都必须从头开始重新下载。)