c++ - 在 OpenGL ES 示例中找不到 "esUtil.h"

Question

在学习了 OpenGL 的一些基础知识后，我开始研究 OpenGL ES API。我正在尝试使用此示例在 OpenGL ES 中绘制三角形:https://www.khronos.org/assets/uploads/books/openglr_es_20_programming_guide_sample.pdf .

在代码中，作者包含文件“esUtil.h”，但我无法从任何官方来源找到它。我试图用 EGL 和 GLES 3 库复制谷歌上某个项目的“esUtil.h”文件，但程序仍然根本无法运行。帮帮我，我错过了什么？

这些是我在构建解决方案时遇到的错误:

Severity    Code    Description Project File    Line    Suppression State
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glAttachShader@8 referenced in function "int __cdecl Init(struct ESContext *)" (?Init@@YAHPAUESContext@@@Z)   OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glCompileShader@4 referenced in function "unsigned int __cdecl LoadShader(unsigned int,char const *)" (?LoadShader@@YAIIPBD@Z)    OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glCreateProgram@0 referenced in function "int __cdecl Init(struct ESContext *)" (?Init@@YAHPAUESContext@@@Z)  OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glCreateShader@4 referenced in function "unsigned int __cdecl LoadShader(unsigned int,char const *)" (?LoadShader@@YAIIPBD@Z) OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glDeleteProgram@4 referenced in function "int __cdecl Init(struct ESContext *)" (?Init@@YAHPAUESContext@@@Z)  OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glDeleteShader@4 referenced in function "unsigned int __cdecl LoadShader(unsigned int,char const *)" (?LoadShader@@YAIIPBD@Z) OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glEnableVertexAttribArray@4 referenced in function "void __cdecl Draw(struct ESContext *)" (?Draw@@YAXPAUESContext@@@Z)   OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glGetProgramiv@12 referenced in function "int __cdecl Init(struct ESContext *)" (?Init@@YAHPAUESContext@@@Z)  OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glGetProgramInfoLog@16 referenced in function "int __cdecl Init(struct ESContext *)" (?Init@@YAHPAUESContext@@@Z) OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glGetShaderiv@12 referenced in function "unsigned int __cdecl LoadShader(unsigned int,char const *)" (?LoadShader@@YAIIPBD@Z) OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glGetShaderInfoLog@16 referenced in function "unsigned int __cdecl LoadShader(unsigned int,char const *)" (?LoadShader@@YAIIPBD@Z)    OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glLinkProgram@4 referenced in function "int __cdecl Init(struct ESContext *)" (?Init@@YAHPAUESContext@@@Z)    OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glShaderSource@16 referenced in function "unsigned int __cdecl LoadShader(unsigned int,char const *)" (?LoadShader@@YAIIPBD@Z)    OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glUseProgram@4 referenced in function "void __cdecl Draw(struct ESContext *)" (?Draw@@YAXPAUESContext@@@Z)    OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol __imp__glVertexAttribPointer@24 referenced in function "void __cdecl Draw(struct ESContext *)" (?Draw@@YAXPAUESContext@@@Z)  OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol _esCreateWindow referenced in function "int __cdecl esMain(struct ESContext *)" (?esMain@@YAHPAUESContext@@@Z)   OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol _esRegisterDrawFunc referenced in function "int __cdecl esMain(struct ESContext *)" (?esMain@@YAHPAUESContext@@@Z)   OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol _esRegisterShutdownFunc referenced in function "int __cdecl esMain(struct ESContext *)" (?esMain@@YAHPAUESContext@@@Z)   OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol _esLogMessage referenced in function "int __cdecl Init(struct ESContext *)" (?Init@@YAHPAUESContext@@@Z) OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\Source.obj  1   
Error   LNK2019 unresolved external symbol _main referenced in function "int __cdecl invoke_main(void)" (?invoke_main@@YAHXZ)   OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\OpenGLES_Example\MSVCRTD.lib(exe_main.obj)   1   
Error   LNK1120 20 unresolved externals OpenGLES_Example    D:\WorkSpace\Visual Studio\myOpenGLSamples\Debug\OpenGLES_Example.exe   1   

Answer 1

这些错误不是包含文件的问题，而是链接的问题。这些符号表示您缺少 OpenGL ES 库(glAttachShader 等)，以及示例代码中的一些函数(似乎来自 esUtil.c)。

如果您点击教程中的下载链接，它们会指向 here .您可能会考虑只克隆 git 存储库，然后使用它。至少，esUtil.h文件在下面，你还需要编译esUtil.c到你的项目中，因为其中一些符号丢失了。