linux - 使用目录名称作为模式递归重命名数百个文件

Question

当前结构:

Cat and wolf
----- Volume 1.zip
----- Volume 2.zip
Cat and fox
---- Volume 01.rar
Rat and eagle
---- Rat and eagle 01.7x

如您所见，该结构并不遵循简单的模式。我希望它成为文件夹名称+编号。例如:

Cat and wolf 01.zip
Cat and wolf 02.zip
Cat and fox 01.rar
Rat and eagle 01.7z

有什么方法可以达到这个结果？

Answer 1

这是一个相当具有挑战性的问题。最棘手的方面是递归的要求。但是，正如您所指出的，命名模式并不简单。为了构建目标文件名，我们必须从原始文件名词干中解析出尾随数字，并将其连接到递归构建的目录名前缀上。

下面是我的解决方案，用 bash 实现。它遍历给定基目录中的所有对象。对于子文件，它会将它们移动到所需文件名下的目标目录中，而对于子目录，它会递归，构建一个连接在分隔符字符串上的目录名前缀。初始基目录、目标目录和分隔符字符串都被参数化为函数参数。我也为方便起见，在处理完基本目录后将其删除，但前提是当时发现它是空的。

function renameSubFilesToDest {

    local base;
    local dest;
    local sep;
    local prefix;

    local file;
    local fileBase;
    local -i num;
    local ext;
    local new;
    local -i rc;

    ## parse arguments
    if [[ $# -lt 1 ]]; then echo 'too few arguments.' >&2; return 1; fi;
    if [[ $# -gt 4 ]]; then echo 'too many arguments.' >&2; return 1; fi;
    base="$1"; ## unconditionally take base dir as 1st arg
    ## take destination dir as optional 2nd arg, default to base if not given
    if [[ $# -ge 2 ]]; then dest="$2"; else dest="$base"; fi;
    ## take name separator as optional 3rd arg, default to space if not given
    if [[ $# -ge 3 ]]; then sep="$3"; else sep=' '; fi;
    ## take new name prefix as optional 4th arg, default to empty string if not given
    if [[ $# -ge 4 ]]; then prefix="$4"; else prefix=''; fi;

    ## iterate over all objects in the base dir
    for file in "$base"/*; do
        fileBase="$(basename -- "$file";)";
        if [[ -d "$file" ]]; then
            ## recurse on dir, appending file basename and trailing sep to prefix
            renameSubFilesToDest "$file" "$dest" "$sep" "$prefix$fileBase$sep";
            rc=$?; if [[ $rc -ne 0 ]]; then return 1; fi;
        else
            ## don't process files at the first depth level
            if [[ -z "$prefix" ]]; then continue; fi;
            ## parse num and ext from file name using bash extended regular expressions
            if [[ ! "$fileBase" =~ ([1-9][0-9]*)\.([^.]+)$ ]]; then
                echo "warning: file \"$fileBase\" does not match expected pattern." >&2;
                continue;
            fi;
            num=${BASH_REMATCH[1]};
            ext=${BASH_REMATCH[2]};
            ## derive the final file name in dest
            new="$dest/$prefix$(printf %02d $num).$ext";
            printf '%s -> %s\n' "$file" "$new"; ## print status messages at run-time
            mv -i -- "$file" "$new";
            rc=$?; if [[ $rc -ne 0 ]]; then echo "error: mv [$rc]." >&2; return 1; fi;
        fi;
    done;

    ## for convenience, remove the dir if it is now empty
    find "$base" -maxdepth 0 -empty -delete;

    return 0;

} ## end renameSubFilesToDest()

---

这是即将到来的演示的一个小帮助函数，它只是在当前目录中设置您的输入文件结构:

function setupDemo {
    mkdir Cat\ and\ wolf Cat\ and\ fox Rat\ and\ eagle;
    touch Cat\ and\ wolf/Volume\ {1,2}.zip;
    touch Cat\ and\ fox/Volume\ 01.rar
    touch Rat\ and\ eagle/Rat\ and\ eagle\ 01.7z
} ## end setupDemo()

---

这是输入文件结构上的函数演示:

setupDemo; ## set up the file structure

find *; ## show it
## Cat and fox
## Cat and fox/Volume 01.rar
## Cat and wolf
## Cat and wolf/Volume 1.zip
## Cat and wolf/Volume 2.zip
## Rat and eagle
## Rat and eagle/Rat and eagle 01.7z

renameSubFilesToDest .; ## run the solution
## ./Cat and fox/Volume 01.rar -> ./Cat and fox 01.rar
## ./Cat and wolf/Volume 1.zip -> ./Cat and wolf 01.zip
## ./Cat and wolf/Volume 2.zip -> ./Cat and wolf 02.zip
## ./Rat and eagle/Rat and eagle 01.7z -> ./Rat and eagle 01.7z

find *; ## show the result
## Cat and fox 01.rar
## Cat and wolf 01.zip
## Cat and wolf 02.zip
## Rat and eagle 01.7z

---

正如 GhostCat 在他的评论中指出的那样，该测试用例在技术上并未涵盖真正的递归文件结构，这至少需要两级子目录。我将我的解决方案写成完全递归的，因为您在标题中暗示递归是目标，并且无论如何，完全递归的解决方案将更通用并且可能更有用。这是第二个级别的演示，我们如何更改此演示的分隔符:

mkdir -p level\ one/level\ two;
touch level\ one/level\ two/some\ file\ 7.txt;

find *;
## level one
## level one/level two
## level one/level two/some file 7.txt

renameSubFilesToDest . . _;
./level one/level two/some file 7.txt -> ./level one_level two_07.txt

find *;
## level one_level two_07.txt