java - 其他方法的一维阵列频率计数器

Question

我想调用一个方法，提示用户输入行驶里程、使用的加仑数，计算每加仑的英里数，显示此类汽车在这次旅行中每加仑行驶了多少英里。我还希望此方法传回“1”，以便稍后添加到每种类型汽车的频率计数器中。 (如果汽车是本田，则在 arrayname[1] 中添加“1”，如果汽车是丰田，则在 arrayname[2] 中添加“1”，等等)。

     int[] mpgList = new int[5]; // 5 because there are 4 more car types
     mpgList[0] = 

    do{
        prompt = Double.parseDouble(JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Enter"
            + "\n"
            + "1 For Honda"));

        if (prompt == 1)
        {     
            forHonda();


        };

……

 public static void forHonda(){
    double miles, gallons, mpg;

    miles = Double.parseDouble(JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"Enter Miles Driven "));
        if (miles <= -1){
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Input Is Negative"
                    + "\n"
                    + "Try Again");
        miles = Double.parseDouble(JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"Enter Miles Driven ")); 
        }
    gallons = Double.parseDouble(JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"Enter Gallons Used "));
        if (gallons <= -1){
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Input Is Negative"
                    + "\n"
                    + "Try Again");
        gallons = Double.parseDouble(JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"Enter Gallons Used ")); 
        }
    mpg = (miles/gallons);
    if (gallons == 0){
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Division by Zero"
                + "\n"
                + "Try Again");
    miles = Double.parseDouble(JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"Enter Miles Driven "));
    gallons = Double.parseDouble(JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"Enter Gallons Used "));
    mpg = (miles/gallons);
    }
    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,String.format("MPG for HONDA: %.0f"
            + "\n", mpg));

……

    public static void counter(int x[]){
    for(int counter = 0; counter< x.length; counter++)
        x[counter]+=1;
}

这就是我想要的想法，但我陷入了如何利用频率计数器的数组

Answer 1

我不确定为什么您只想使用数组和原始数据类型，但我们假设这不是必需的(毕竟您正在编写 Java 代码)。以下是我解决跟踪多种车型燃油消耗问题的方法。

因此，我们有一个预定义的汽车类型列表，需要显示这些类型并以某种方式通过某个整数进行访问。因此，让我们为此创建一个枚举:

public enum CarType {

    HONDA(1, "Honda"), 
    TOYOTA(2, "Toyota"), 
    ALFA(3, "Alfa Romeo")
    // ...
    ;

    private int id = 0;
    private String displayName;

    public static CarType forId(int id) {
        for (CarType type : CarType.values()) {
            if (type.id == id) {
                return type;
            }
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("No car type with number " + id);
    }

    private CarType(int id, String displayName) {
        this.id = id;
        this.displayName = displayName;
    }

    public String getDisplayName() {
        return displayName;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

}

您想要跟踪油耗，可能是总行驶里程、总行驶距离、行程次数和 MPG:

public class Consumption {

    private double miles = 0;
    private double gallons = 0;
    private double mpg = 0;
    private int numberOfTrips = 0;

    public void addTrip(double miles, double gallons) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        if (miles > 0 && gallons > 0) {
            this.miles += miles;
            this.gallons += gallons;
            numberOfTrips++;
            mpg = this.miles / this.gallons;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Both miles and gallons have to be greater than zero");
        }
    }

    public double getMiles() {
        return miles;
    }

    public double getGallons() {
        return gallons;
    }

    public double getMpg() {
        return mpg;
    }

    public int getNumberOfTrips() {
        return numberOfTrips;
    }

}

您不必声明抛出 IllegalArgumentException，因为那是 RuntimeException，但调用者知道这种情况可能发生并且您可以添加一个 Javadoc block 来描述在什么情况下会发生这种情况是件好事。

您希望能够跟踪多种车辆类型的燃油消耗:

import java.util.HashMap;

public class ConsumptionManager {
    private HashMap<CarType, Consumption> data = new HashMap<>();

    public Consumption addTripData(CarType type, double miles, double gallons) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        if (type == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Car type cannot be null");
        }
        Consumption consumption = data.get(type);
        if (consumption == null) {
            consumption = new Consumption();
            data.put(type, consumption);
        }
        consumption.addTrip(miles, gallons);

        return consumption;
    }

    public Consumption getConsumption(CarType type) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        if (type == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Car type cannot be null");
        }
        return data.get(type);
    }

}

现在您可以使用 CarType Enum 动态构建您的 UI，如下所示:

    for (CarType type : CarType.values()) {
        // build your UI, e.g. on the console something like:
        System.out.println(String.format("%d) %s", type.getId(), type.getDisplayName()));
    }

收集类型的 ID、行程中使用的英里和加仑后，您可以添加它并可能显示当前状态:

    // create instance of ConsumptionManager somewhere, possibly in your start-up code: 
    // ConsumptionManager mgr=new ConsumptionManager();
    try {
        Consumption consumption=mgr.addTripData(CarType.forId(id), miles, gallons);
        // display mpg/number of trips/etc, e.g. on the console
        System.out.println(String.format("Average range after %d trips: %f", consumption.getNumberOfTrips(),consumption.getMpg()));
    } catch (Exception e) {
        // display error to the user, e.g. on the console
        System.out.println(e.getMessage());
    }

为了添加另一种汽车类型，您所要做的就是将其添加到 CarType 枚举中，然后就完成了。您的代码中也没有神奇的数字，例如您支持的类型数量、它们各自的 ID 等，但仅在需要了解它们的地方。