c++ - 在 directx 9 c++ 中应用纹理时出现巨大问题

Question

我在编译游戏时没有遇到任何错误。唯一的问题是它不会应用纹理，而是应用颜色(我知道这很奇怪)。如果纹理有白色和红色两种颜色，则应用白色。

这是我的代码

// Monopoly.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Monopoly.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // current instance
HWND hWnd;                                      // current window
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // The title bar text
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // the main window class name
LPDIRECT3D9 d3d;                                // the pointer to our Direct3D interface
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev;                       // the pointer to the device class
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 buffer= NULL;
LPDIRECT3DINDEXBUFFER9 i_buffer;
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT   600
#define SCREEN_WIDTH    800
#define CUSTOMFVF (D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)
float z = 0.0f;
float y = 0.0f;
float x = 0.0f;
float rz = 0.0f;
float ry = 0.0f;
float rx = 0.0f;


// Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

VOID InitGraphic();
VOID InitMatrices();

// FVF structure
struct CUSTOMVERTEX
{
    FLOAT x, y, z;    // from the D3DFVF_XYZRHW flag
    DWORD color;    // from the D3DFVF_DIFFUSE flag
};

struct textured_vertex{
    float x, y, z, rhw;  // The transformed(screen space) position for the vertex.
    float tu,tv;         // Texture coordinates
};

//Transformed vertex with 1 set of texture coordinates
const DWORD tri_fvf=D3DFVF_XYZRHW|D3DFVF_TEX1;

CUSTOMVERTEX vertices[500];
IDirect3DTexture9 *g_texture=NULL;

// Initilizing direct3D 9
void InitD3D(HWND hWnd)
{
    d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);

    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;

    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));
    d3dpp.Windowed = FALSE;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
    d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH;
    d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT;
    d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
    d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;

    d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
                      D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
                      hWnd,
                      D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
                      &d3dpp,
                      &d3ddev);

    InitGraphic();

    D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(d3ddev,   //Direct3D Device
                                _T("image.png"),       //File Name
                                &g_texture);    //Texture handle

    d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE);    // turn off the 3D lighting
    d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);    // turn off culling
    d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZENABLE, TRUE);    // turn on the z-buffer
    d3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLOROP,D3DTOP_SELECTARG1);
    d3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLORARG1,D3DTA_TEXTURE);
    d3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLORARG2,D3DTA_DIFFUSE);   //Ignored

    d3ddev->SetTexture(0,g_texture);
}


//render a single frame
void RenderFrame(void)
{
    d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
    d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);

    d3ddev->BeginScene();

    d3ddev->SetFVF(CUSTOMFVF);

    InitMatrices();

    // set the world transform

    D3DXMATRIX matTran;    // a matrix to store the rotation for each triangle
    D3DXMATRIX matRotz;
    D3DXMATRIX matRoty;
    D3DXMATRIX matRotx;
    D3DXMatrixTranslation(&matTran, x, y, z);   
    D3DXMatrixRotationZ(&matRotz, D3DXToRadian(rz));
    D3DXMatrixRotationY(&matRoty, D3DXToRadian(ry));
    D3DXMatrixRotationX(&matRotx, D3DXToRadian(rx));

    d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &(matTran * matRotz * matRoty * matRotx));    // set the world transform

     // select the vertex buffer to display
    d3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, buffer, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX));
    d3ddev->SetIndices(i_buffer);

    // draw the Hypercraft
    d3ddev->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 8, 0, 12); 

    d3ddev->EndScene(); 

    d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}

// cleans up Direct3D and COM
void CleanD3D(void)
{
    buffer->Release();
    i_buffer->Release();
    d3ddev->Release();    // close and release the 3D device
    d3d->Release();    // close and release Direct3D
    g_texture->Release();
    g_texture=NULL;
}

VOID InitGraphic()
{
    CUSTOMVERTEX vertices[] =
    {
        { -3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 255), },
        { 3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 0), },
        { -3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0), },
        { 3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 255), },
        { -3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 255), },
        { 3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0), },
        { -3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 0), },
        { 3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 255), },
    };

    // create a vertex buffer interface called v_buffer
    d3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(8*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),
                               0,
                               CUSTOMFVF,
                               D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
                               &buffer,
                               NULL);

    VOID* pVoid;    // a void pointer

    // lock v_buffer and load the vertices into it
    buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&pVoid, 0);
    memcpy(pVoid, vertices, sizeof(vertices));
    buffer->Unlock();

    // create the indices using an int array
    short indices[] =
    {
        0, 1, 2,    // side 1
        2, 1, 3,
        4, 0, 6,    // side 2
        6, 0, 2,
        7, 5, 6,    // side 3
        6, 5, 4,
        3, 1, 7,    // side 4
        7, 1, 5,
        4, 5, 0,    // side 5
        0, 5, 1,
        3, 7, 2,    // side 6
        2, 7, 6,
    };

    // create an index buffer interface called i_buffer
    d3ddev->CreateIndexBuffer(36*sizeof(short),
                              0,
                              D3DFMT_INDEX16,
                              D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
                              &i_buffer,
                              NULL);

    // lock i_buffer and load the indices into it
    i_buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&pVoid, 0);
    memcpy(pVoid, indices, sizeof(indices));
    i_buffer->Unlock();
}

// Create metrices
VOID InitMatrices()
{
    // set the view transform
    D3DXMATRIX matView;    // the view transform matrix
    D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&matView,
    &D3DXVECTOR3 (0.0f, 8.0f, 25.0f),    // the camera position
    &D3DXVECTOR3 (0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),      // the look-at position
    &D3DXVECTOR3 (0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));    // the up direction
    d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &matView);    // set the view transform to matView 

    // set the projection transform
    D3DXMATRIX matProjection;    // the projection transform matrix
    D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&matProjection,
                               D3DXToRadian(45),    // the horizontal field of view
                               (FLOAT)SCREEN_WIDTH / (FLOAT)SCREEN_HEIGHT, // aspect ratio
                               1.0f,   // the near view-plane
                               100.0f);    // the far view-plane
    d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProjection); // set the projection
}

更新

// Monopoly.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Monopoly.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // current instance
HWND hWnd;                                      // current window
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // The title bar text
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // the main window class name
LPDIRECT3D9 d3d;                                // the pointer to our Direct3D interface
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev;                       // the pointer to the device class
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 buffer= NULL;
LPDIRECT3DINDEXBUFFER9 i_buffer;
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT   600
#define SCREEN_WIDTH    800
#define CUSTOMFVF (D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE | D3DFVF_TEX1)
float z = 0.0f;
float y = 0.0f;
float x = 0.0f;
float rz = 0.0f;
float ry = 0.0f;
float rx = 0.0f;


// Forward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

VOID InitGraphic();
VOID InitMatrices();

// FVF structure
struct CUSTOMVERTEX
{
    FLOAT x, y, z;    // from the D3DFVF_XYZRHW flag
    DWORD color;    // from the D3DFVF_DIFFUSE flag
    FLOAT tx, ty;
};

IDirect3DTexture9 *g_texture=NULL;

// Initilizing direct3D 9
void InitD3D(HWND hWnd)
{
    d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);

    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;

    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));
    d3dpp.Windowed = FALSE;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
    d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH;
    d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT;
    d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
    d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;

    d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
                      D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
                      hWnd,
                      D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
                      &d3dpp,
                      &d3ddev);

    InitGraphic();

    D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(d3ddev,   //Direct3D Device
                                _T("image.png"),       //File Name
                                &g_texture);    //Texture handle

    d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE);    // turn off the 3D lighting
    d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);    // turn off culling
    d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZENABLE, TRUE);    // turn on the z-buffer
    d3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLOROP,D3DTOP_SELECTARG1);
    d3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLORARG1,D3DTA_TEXTURE);
    d3ddev->SetTextureStageState(0,D3DTSS_COLORARG2,D3DTA_DIFFUSE);   //Ignored

    d3ddev->SetTexture(0,g_texture);
}


//render a single frame
void RenderFrame(void)
{
    d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);
    d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);

    d3ddev->BeginScene();

    d3ddev->SetFVF(CUSTOMFVF);

    InitMatrices();

    // set the world transform

    D3DXMATRIX matTran;    // a matrix to store the rotation for each triangle
    D3DXMATRIX matRotz;
    D3DXMATRIX matRoty;
    D3DXMATRIX matRotx;
    D3DXMatrixTranslation(&matTran, x, y, z);   
    D3DXMatrixRotationZ(&matRotz, D3DXToRadian(rz));
    D3DXMatrixRotationY(&matRoty, D3DXToRadian(ry));
    D3DXMatrixRotationX(&matRotx, D3DXToRadian(rx));

    d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &(matTran * matRotz * matRoty * matRotx));    // set the world transform

     // select the vertex buffer to display
    d3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, buffer, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX));
    d3ddev->SetIndices(i_buffer);

    // draw the Hypercraft
    d3ddev->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 8, 0, 12); 

    d3ddev->EndScene(); 

    d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}

// cleans up Direct3D and COM
void CleanD3D(void)
{
    buffer->Release();
    i_buffer->Release();
    d3ddev->Release();    // close and release the 3D device
    d3d->Release();    // close and release Direct3D
    g_texture->Release();
    g_texture=NULL;
}

VOID InitGraphic()
{
    CUSTOMVERTEX vertices[] =
    {
        { -3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 255), 1.0f, 1.0f, },
        { 3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 0), 1.0f, 1.0f, },
        { -3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0), 1.0f, 1.0f, },
        { 3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 255), 1.0f, 1.0f, },
        { -3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 255), 1.0f, 1.0f, },
        { 3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0), 1.0f, 1.0f, },
        { -3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 0), 1.0f, 1.0f, },
        { 3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 255), 1.0f, 1.0f, },
    };

    // create a vertex buffer interface called v_buffer
    d3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(8*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),
                               0,
                               CUSTOMFVF,
                               D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
                               &buffer,
                               NULL);

    VOID* pVoid;    // a void pointer

    // lock v_buffer and load the vertices into it
    buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&pVoid, 0);
    memcpy(pVoid, vertices, sizeof(vertices));
    buffer->Unlock();

    // create the indices using an int array
    short indices[] =
    {
        0, 1, 2,    // side 1
        2, 1, 3,
        4, 0, 6,    // side 2
        6, 0, 2,
        7, 5, 6,    // side 3
        6, 5, 4,
        3, 1, 7,    // side 4
        7, 1, 5,
        4, 5, 0,    // side 5
        0, 5, 1,
        3, 7, 2,    // side 6
        2, 7, 6,
    };

    // create an index buffer interface called i_buffer
    d3ddev->CreateIndexBuffer(36*sizeof(short),
                              0,
                              D3DFMT_INDEX16,
                              D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
                              &i_buffer,
                              NULL);

    // lock i_buffer and load the indices into it
    i_buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&pVoid, 0);
    memcpy(pVoid, indices, sizeof(indices));
    i_buffer->Unlock();
}

// Create metrices
VOID InitMatrices()
{
    // set the view transform
    D3DXMATRIX matView;    // the view transform matrix
    D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&matView,
    &D3DXVECTOR3 (0.0f, 8.0f, 25.0f),    // the camera position
    &D3DXVECTOR3 (0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),      // the look-at position
    &D3DXVECTOR3 (0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));    // the up direction
    d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &matView);    // set the view transform to matView 

    // set the projection transform
    D3DXMATRIX matProjection;    // the projection transform matrix
    D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&matProjection,
                               D3DXToRadian(45),    // the horizontal field of view
                               (FLOAT)SCREEN_WIDTH / (FLOAT)SCREEN_HEIGHT, // aspect ratio
                               1.0f,   // the near view-plane
                               100.0f);    // the far view-plane
    d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProjection); // set the projection
}

Answer 1

您的问题是您根本不使用声明的 textured_vertex 而是使用 CUSTOMVERTEX。因为 CUSTOMVERTEX 只包含颜色信息，所以很明显你会得到什么结果 :) 我建议像这样扩展 CUSTOMVERTEX 结构:

struct CUSTOMVERTEX
{
    FLOAT x, y, z;    // from the D3DFVF_XYZRHW flag
    DWORD color;    // from the D3DFVF_DIFFUSE flag
    FLOAT tx, ty;   // from the D3DFVF_TEX1 flag
};

同时更改 CUSTOMFVF 的定义以匹配结构:

#define CUSTOMFVF (D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE | D3DFVF_TEX1)

此外，全局数组 CUSTOMVERTEX vertices[500] 似乎完全未使用，请将其删除，以免在将来引起不需要的行为。未使用的 textured_vertex 结构也是如此。