java - 这个 JFormattedTextField 如何工作？

Question

我有下面的示例代码，但我在理解它时遇到了问题。所以我想问两个问题:

1. 为什么 JFormattedTextField 有“值”(getValue()、setValue())而 JTextField 没有？

2. 在propertyChange()方法中，为什么这样写就足够了:

   金额 = ((Number)amountField.getValue()).doubleValue();

   更新金额以便以正确的方式显示，但对于 paymentField 我必须调用 setValue() 方法？

示例:

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;

import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;

import java.text.*;

/**
 * FormattedTextFieldDemo.java requires no other files.
 *
 * It implements a mortgage calculator that uses four
 * JFormattedTextFields.
 */
public class FormattedTextFieldDemo extends JPanel
                                    implements PropertyChangeListener {
    //Values for the fields
    private double amount = 100000;
    private double rate = 7.5;  //7.5%
    private int numPeriods = 30;

    //Labels to identify the fields
    private JLabel amountLabel;
    private JLabel rateLabel;
    private JLabel numPeriodsLabel;
    private JLabel paymentLabel;

    //Strings for the labels
    private static String amountString = "Loan Amount: ";
    private static String rateString = "APR (%): ";
    private static String numPeriodsString = "Years: ";
    private static String paymentString = "Monthly Payment: ";

    //Fields for data entry
    private JFormattedTextField amountField;
    private JFormattedTextField rateField;
    private JFormattedTextField numPeriodsField;
    private JFormattedTextField paymentField;

    //Formats to format and parse numbers
    private NumberFormat amountFormat;
    private NumberFormat percentFormat;
    private NumberFormat paymentFormat;

    public FormattedTextFieldDemo() {
        super(new BorderLayout());
        setUpFormats();
        double payment = computePayment(amount,
                                        rate,
                                        numPeriods);

        //Create the labels.
        amountLabel = new JLabel(amountString);
        rateLabel = new JLabel(rateString);
        numPeriodsLabel = new JLabel(numPeriodsString);
        paymentLabel = new JLabel(paymentString);

        //Create the text fields and set them up.
        amountField = new JFormattedTextField(amountFormat);
        amountField.setValue(new Double(amount));
        amountField.setColumns(10);
        amountField.addPropertyChangeListener("value", this);

        rateField = new JFormattedTextField(percentFormat);
        rateField.setValue(new Double(rate));
        rateField.setColumns(10);
        rateField.addPropertyChangeListener("value", this);

        numPeriodsField = new JFormattedTextField();
        numPeriodsField.setValue(new Integer(numPeriods));
        numPeriodsField.setColumns(10);
        numPeriodsField.addPropertyChangeListener("value", this);

        paymentField = new JFormattedTextField(paymentFormat);
        paymentField.setValue(new Double(payment));
        paymentField.setColumns(10);
        paymentField.setEditable(false);
        paymentField.setForeground(Color.red);

        //Tell accessibility tools about label/textfield pairs.
        amountLabel.setLabelFor(amountField);
        rateLabel.setLabelFor(rateField);
        numPeriodsLabel.setLabelFor(numPeriodsField);
        paymentLabel.setLabelFor(paymentField);

        //Lay out the labels in a panel.
        JPanel labelPane = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,1));
        labelPane.add(amountLabel);
        labelPane.add(rateLabel);
        labelPane.add(numPeriodsLabel);
        labelPane.add(paymentLabel);

        //Layout the text fields in a panel.
        JPanel fieldPane = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,1));
        fieldPane.add(amountField);
        fieldPane.add(rateField);
        fieldPane.add(numPeriodsField);
        fieldPane.add(paymentField);

        //Put the panels in this panel, labels on left,
        //text fields on right.
        setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(20, 20, 20, 20));
        add(labelPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        add(fieldPane, BorderLayout.LINE_END);
    }

    /** Called when a field's "value" property changes. */
    public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent e) {
        Object source = e.getSource();
        if (source == amountField) {
            amount = ((Number)amountField.getValue()).doubleValue();
        } else if (source == rateField) {
            rate = ((Number)rateField.getValue()).doubleValue();
        } else if (source == numPeriodsField) {
            numPeriods = ((Number)numPeriodsField.getValue()).intValue();
        }

        double payment = computePayment(amount, rate, numPeriods);
        paymentField.setValue(new Double(payment));
    }

    /**
     * Create the GUI and show it.  For thread safety,
     * this method should be invoked from the
     * event dispatch thread.
     */
    private static void createAndShowGUI() {
        //Create and set up the window.
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("FormattedTextFieldDemo");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //Add contents to the window.
        frame.add(new FormattedTextFieldDemo());

        //Display the window.
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread:
        //creating and showing this application's GUI.
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                //Turn off metal's use of bold fonts
            UIManager.put("swing.boldMetal", Boolean.FALSE);
                createAndShowGUI();
            }
        });
    }

    //Compute the monthly payment based on the loan amount,
    //APR, and length of loan.
    double computePayment(double loanAmt, double rate, int numPeriods) {
        double I, partial1, denominator, answer;

        numPeriods *= 12;        //get number of months
        if (rate > 0.01) {
            I = rate / 100.0 / 12.0;         //get monthly rate from annual
            partial1 = Math.pow((1 + I), (0.0 - numPeriods));
            denominator = (1 - partial1) / I;
        } else { //rate ~= 0
            denominator = numPeriods;
        }

        answer = (-1 * loanAmt) / denominator;
        return answer;
    }

    //Create and set up number formats. These objects also
    //parse numbers input by user.
    private void setUpFormats() {
        amountFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();

        percentFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();
        percentFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(3);

        paymentFormat = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
    }
}

Answer 1

"Why has a JFormattedTextField an "value" (getValue(), setValue()) and a jTextField not?"

JTextField 和 JFormattedTextField 的文本属性是您看到的各自显示的实际文本。但是 JFormattedTextField 不仅仅显示您提供的一些文本。它在您提供的格式化程序的帮助下，在某些对象(在本例中是数字)和您在屏幕上看到的方便的人类可读文本表示形式之间进行转换。您显示的值的对象是 JFormattedTextField 的“值”，它在屏幕上的显示方式是“文本”。另一方面，常规的 JTextField 只显示您告诉它显示的任何文本，并返回您输入的任何内容，因此不需要单独的 value 属性，因为它始终与“文本”相同。

"Why is it sufficient to write "amount = ((Number)amountField.getValue()).doubleValue();" to update the amount so that is is displayed the right way but for the paymentField i have to call the setValue-Methode?"

你没有写

amount = ((Number)amountField.getValue()).doubleValue();

要更新 amountField，您需要找出用户在 amountField 中输入的内容。 amountField 正在更新自身以响应用户输入，因为这就是 JFormattedTextField 的作用。

现在，了解用户在 amountField 中输入的内容后，您可以重新计算付款金额，并通过调用其 setValue 方法告诉 paymentField 显示新付款。