c++ - 正则表达式不显示 IPv6 匹配的正确结果

Question

为什么第二个本地化字符串在这个示例的控制台中没有正确显示？

Found 3 words IPv62001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:83292001:0db8::   --- wrong output is here::1

#include <iostream>#include <iterator>#include <string>#include <regex>int main(){    std::string s = "ipv4 model 127.0.0.1 "        "live 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329 "        "another 2001:0db8::ff00:0042:8329 "        "zip form ::1 ";    std::regex ex_ipv6 ("(([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}|::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]).){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]).){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]))");    auto words_ipv6_begin =         std::sregex_iterator(s.begin(), s.end(), ex_ipv6);    auto words_ipv6_end = std::sregex_iterator();    if (std::regex_search(s, ex_ipv6))     {        std::cout << "Found "                  << std::distance(words_ipv6_begin, words_ipv6_end)                  << " words IPv6\n";        for (;words_ipv6_begin != words_ipv6_end; words_ipv6_begin++)        {            std::cout <<  (*words_ipv6_begin).str() << "\n";        }    }}

Answer 1

您的前缀检查比应有的时间早得多地接受了字符串。表达式组 ([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}: 将跳转之前的地址标记为有效，使用字符串，并检查 ::ff00:0042:8329 不匹配任何剩余的模式(如果匹配，也将被视为一个单独的地址)。

一些关于您的正则表达式用法的说明。 {7,7}可以简单写成{7}。 IPv6 地址在表示为 base16 时应为 [0-9a-f]，因此您可以放弃 [A-F] 检查。

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <regex>
#include <string>

// RFC5952 outlines canonical formatting for rendering IPv6 addresses as 
// text. Hex values in an address SHOULD be lowercase.  Addresses can be
// shortened ONCE using the symbol '::'.  Whitespace is actually processed
// as part of the pattern, so use \\s to match whitespace.

int main() {
  std::string ipv6 = 
    "(?:"
    // For the first 6 fields, match addresses with no jump (::)...
    "  (?:                                              (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}"
    // ...or a jump.
    "  |                                             :: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}"
    "  | (?:                         [0-9a-f]{1,4})? :: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}"
    "  | (?: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,1} [0-9a-f]{1,4})? :: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}"
    "  | (?: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,2} [0-9a-f]{1,4})? :: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}"
    "  | (?: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,3} [0-9a-f]{1,4})? :: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:)   "
    "  | (?: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,4} [0-9a-f]{1,4})? ::                      "
    "  )                                                                     "
    // Match the base10/16 addresses with no jump (suffix of above).
    "  (?: [0-9a-f]{1,4} : [0-9a-f]{1,4}                                     "
    "      | (?: (?: 25[0-5] | 2[0-4][0-9] | [01]?[0-9]?[0-9])\\.){3}        "
    "        (?: (?: 25[0-5] | 2[0-4][0-9] | [01]?[0-9]?[0-9]))              "
    "  )                                                                     "
    // Not any above. Check to see if jump is between last 2 fields of addr.
    "  | (?: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,5} [0-9a-f]{1,4})? :: [0-9a-f]{1,4}        "
    "  | (?: (?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,6} [0-9a-f]{1,4})? ::                      "
    ")";
  // End of ipv6 string pattern.

  // Convert readable pattern above into the applicable regex pattern.
  ipv6.erase(std::remove_if(ipv6.begin(), ipv6.end(), ::isspace), ipv6.cend());

  std::regex ipv6_pattern(ipv6);
  const std::string test = "ipv4 model 127.0.0.1 "
                           "live 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329 "
                           "another 2001:0db8::ff00:0042:8329 "
                           "zip form ::1 ";
  auto result = std::sregex_iterator(test.cbegin(), test.cend(), ipv6_pattern);
  const auto results_end = std::sregex_iterator();

  if (result != results_end) {
    std::cout << "Found "
              << std::distance(result, results_end)
              << " IPv6 address matches.\n";

    while (result != results_end) {
      std::cout << (*result++).str() << '\n';
    }
  }
}

控制台:

Found 3 IPv6 address matches. 
2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329
2001:0db8::ff00:0042:8329
::1