python - 从嵌套字典访问值

Question

我正在尝试创建一个输入列表，其中包含从全局嵌套字典访问的相应值。这是代码，

import sys

param_values = {
            'vowels':{
            'aa' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),   (-1,-1)],     
            'ae' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'ah' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'ao' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.2,1.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'eh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'er' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.15,0.7),  (-1,-1)], 
            'ey' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (0.3,1.0), (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.5),   (-1,-1)],
            'ih' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'iy' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (0.2,1.0), (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'uh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (0.1,1.0)], 
            'uw' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (0.1,1.0)],   
            'o'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (0.4,1.0)]    
            },
            'consonants':{
            'b'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.0,0.0),  (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'ch' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            'd'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            'dh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.35),  (-1,-1)], 
            'dx' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.35),  (-1,-1)], 
            'f'  : [(0.3,1.0), (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (-1,-1)], 
            'g'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'hh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'jh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'k'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'l'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            'm'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.0,0.0),  (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'n'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),  (-1,-1),   (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'ng' : [(-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),  (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.0,0.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'p'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.0,0.0),  (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'r'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            's'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),  (-1,-1),   (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0),   (-1,-1)],
            'sh' : [(-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),  (-1,-1),   (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            't'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            'th' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            'v'  : [(0.3,1.0), (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (-1,-1)], 
            'w'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (0.1,1.0)], 
            'y'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.6),   (-1,-1)],  
            'z'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),  (-1,-1),   (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'zh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.6),   (-1,-1)] 
             }                         
            }

diphthong = { 
         'aw' : ['ao' , 'uw'],
         'ay' : ['ao' , 'ih'],
         'ow' : ['o' , 'aa'],
         'oy' : ['o' , 'ih']
        }   

print "Usage :python co.py phonemeFile"

def coart(phonemeFile):
""" Function for generating parameter values from the global list """
phonemeList = []
with open("syllabifiedPhonemes.txt", "r") as pFile :
    for line in pFile :
        l = line.split()
        for phoneme in l : 
            next_phoneme = diphthong.get(phoneme)
            if next_phoneme is None :
                # exploring the dict param_values extracting each nested dict
                for group in param_values.keys() : # 'group' refers to vowels or consonants
                    # iterate over each nested dict 
                    for phones in param_values[group].keys() : # 'phones' refers to the phonemes present inside each group 
                        phonemeList.append((phones, param_values.get(param_values[group][phones])))
            else : 
                for group in param_values.keys() : # 'group' refers to vowels or consonants
                    for phones in param_values[group].keys() : # 'phones' refers to the phonemes present inside each group 
                        phonemeList.extend([(phones, param_values.get(param_values[group][phones])) for phoneme in next_phoneme])

        print "New List"
        print '\n'.join(str(l) for l in phonemeList)

输入文件 syllabifiedPhonemes.txt 具有以下内容:

s aa ' m ih ' k l eh k ' t aa ' n ih t ' g eh l ' v ae ' n ih ' k aa ' p l ay k

据我所知，if-else 语句不正确。我收到以下错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "co.py", line 189, in <module>
coart("syllabifiedPhonemes.txt")
  File "co.py", line 160, in coart
phonemeList.append((phones, param_values.get(param_values[group][phones])))
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

我将 if-else 语句更改为以下内容并消除了错误。

if next_phoneme is None :
    # exploring the dict param_values extracting each nested dict
    for group in param_values.keys() : # 'group' refers to vowels or consonants
        # iterate over each nested dict 
        for phones in param_values[group].keys() : # 'phones' refers to the phonemes present inside each group 
            phonemeList.append((phones, param_values[group][phones]))
else : 
    for group in param_values.keys() : # 'group' refers to vowels or consonants
        for phones in param_values[group].keys() : # 'phones' refers to the phonemes present inside each group 
            phonemeList.extend([(phones, param_values[group][phones]) for phoneme in next_phoneme])

但现在我得到的输出是一个巨大的列表，我假设程序多次遍历字典并一次又一次地打印整个字典，而不是仅仅显示给定输入的值。有人可以指出我错在哪里吗？谢谢。

Answer 1

尝试这样的事情。它更简单、更高效(我认为)

import sys

param_values = {
            'aa' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),   (-1,-1)],     
            'ae' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'ah' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'ao' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.2,1.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'eh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'er' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.15,0.7),  (-1,-1)], 
            'ey' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (0.3,1.0), (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.5),   (-1,-1)],
            'ih' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'iy' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (0.2,1.0), (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'uh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (0.1,1.0)], 
            'uw' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (0.1,1.0)],   
            'o'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (0.4,1.0)] ,   
            'b'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.0,0.0),  (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'ch' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            'd'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            'dh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.35),  (-1,-1)], 
            'dx' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.35),  (-1,-1)], 
            'f'  : [(0.3,1.0), (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (-1,-1)], 
            'g'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'hh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'jh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'k'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'l'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            'm'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.0,0.0),  (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'n'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),  (-1,-1),   (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'ng' : [(-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),  (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.0,0.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'p'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.0,0.0),  (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.8),   (-1,-1)], 
            'r'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            's'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),  (-1,-1),   (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0),   (-1,-1)],
            'sh' : [(-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),  (-1,-1),   (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            't'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            'th' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.4),   (-1,-1)], 
            'v'  : [(0.3,1.0), (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (-1,-1)], 
            'w'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),     (0.1,1.0)], 
            'y'  : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.6),   (-1,-1)],  
            'z'  : [(-1,-1),   (0.1,1.0),  (-1,-1),   (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0),   (-1,-1)], 
            'zh' : [(-1,-1),   (-1,-1),    (-1,-1),   (-1,-1),   (0.1,0.6),   (-1,-1)]                         
            }

diphthong = { 
         'aw' : ['ao' , 'uw'],
         'ay' : ['ao' , 'ih'],
         'ow' : ['o' , 'aa'],
         'oy' : ['o' , 'ih']
        }   


phonemeList = []
with open("syllabifiedPhonemes.txt", "r") as pFile :
    for line in pFile :
        l = line.split()
        for phoneme in l : 
            if phoneme != "'":
                next_phoneme = diphthong.get(phoneme)
                if next_phoneme is None :
                    # exploring the dict param_values extracting each nested dict
                    phonemeList.append((phoneme, param_values[phoneme]))
                else : 
                    phonemeList.extend([(phoneme, param_values[phoneme]) for phoneme in next_phoneme])

        print "New List"
        print '\n'.join(str(l) for l in phonemeList)

如果您需要辅音/元音信息，最好将其存储在其他地方。将它存储在这里会使代码过于复杂。

注意:出于测试目的，我取出了该函数。显然你应该把它放回你的代码中；)