python - 如何忽略某些警告，而其他警告则转向 Python 命令行的异常？

Question

如何从命令行执行 Python 并忽略某些警告(例如 DeprecationWarning )，同时将其余警告变成异常？

可以-W多次使用选项来执行此操作？

我面临的具体问题是我正在运行 pytest/pytest-cov tox 内部/virtualenv因为 virtualenv uses an outdated site.py module , 一个 DeprecationWarning当我运行 -Werror 时抛出在我访问我的代码以捕获它之前。我想通过至少仅忽略此警告并将其他警告(ImportWarning 等)转变为异常，以便我可以在自己的代码中检测和处理这些警告，从而最大限度地减少对我的测试的影响。

Answer 1

手册页确实有这方面的信息，但有点难读。在发布问题之前我找不到这个问题，所以我会看看是否可以更容易地找到它:

陷阱:-W 选项被后面的选项掩盖，-Werror 需要发生在之前 -Wignore

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按异常过滤:

python -werror -Wignore::PendingDeprecationWarning your_stuff.py

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按行过滤:

python -Werror -Wignore::::32 your_stuff.py

忽略第 32 行的警告

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按模块/文件过滤:

python -Werror -Wignore:::site: your_stuff.py

忽略示例中 site.py 模块的任何警告(异常回溯中的最后一个文件)

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选项是action:message:category:module:line

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手册页:

   -W argument
          Warning control.  Python sometimes prints warning message to sys.stderr.  A typical warning  message
          has  the following form: file:line: category: message.  By default, each warning is printed once for
          each source line where it occurs.  This option controls how often warnings are printed.  Multiple -W
          options  may be given; when a warning matches more than one option, the action for the last matching
          option is performed.  Invalid -W options are ignored (a warning message  is  printed  about  invalid
          options  when  the  first  warning is issued).  Warnings can also be controlled from within a Python
          program using the warnings module.

          The simplest form of argument is one of the following action strings  (or  a  unique  abbreviation):
          ignore  to  ignore  all  warnings; default to explicitly request the default behavior (printing each
          warning once per source line); all to print a warning each time it occurs (this  may  generate  many
          messages if a warning is triggered repeatedly for the same source line, such as inside a loop); modâ€
          ule to print each warning only the first time it occurs in each module; once to print  each  warning
          only  the  first time it occurs in the program; or error to raise an exception instead of printing a
          warning message.

          The full form of argument is action:message:category:module:line.   Here,  action  is  as  explained
          above  but only applies to messages that match the remaining fields.  Empty fields match all values;
          trailing empty fields may be omitted.  The message field matches the start of  the  warning  message
          printed;  this  match  is  case-insensitive.  The category field matches the warning category.  This
          must be a class name; the match test whether the actual warning category of the message  is  a  subâ€
          class  of  the  specified  warning  category.   The full class name must be given.  The module field
          matches the (fully-qualified) module name; this match is case-sensitive.  The line field matches the
          line number, where zero matches all line numbers and is thus equivalent to an omitted line number.