java - 如何循环遍历数组列表以查看是否有任何对象具有相同的值

Question

我有一个汽车数组列表，我想循环遍历这个数组列表，看看两辆车是否处于完全相同的位置，这样我就可以看看它们是否发生了碰撞。我写了以下内容，但我得到的只是“没有碰撞”，即使它们发生了碰撞。我用两种方法来实现。我的假设是，由于两个循环都从同一点循环，它们是否只是不断地一起检查同一辆车或类似的东西？那么 if (i != collided) 每次都会被触发？如果是这样我该如何阻止？

public void carCollision(Car collided) {

    for (Car i: cars) {
        if(i != collided && i.getLane() == collided.getLane() && 
            i.getPosition() == collided.getPosition()) {
            System.out.println("collision");
        } else {
            System.out.println("no collisions");
        }
    }
}

public void check() {
    for (Car a: cars) {
        carCollision(a);
    }
}

汽车类别 -

/** State of a car on the road */
public class Car {

/** Position of this car on the road (i.e. how far down the road it is) in pixels */
private double position;
/** Current speed in pixels per second */
private double speed;
/** Lane that this car is on */
private int lane;
/** Colour of this car's display */
private Color color;

public Car(double position, double speed, int lane, Color color) {
    this.position = position;
    this.speed = speed;
    this.lane = lane;
    this.color = color;
}

/** @return a new Car object with the same state as this one */
public Car clone() {
    return new Car(position, speed, lane, color);
}

/** Update this car after `elapsed' seconds have passed */
public void tick(Environment environment, double elapsed) {
    position += speed * elapsed;
}

public double getPosition() {
    return position;
}

public int getLane() {
    return lane;
}

public Color getColor() {
    return color;
}

这是我的主类，用于展示我如何调用该方法，我使用 e.check();在 addcars 方法中 -

public class Main extends Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
    launch(args);
}

public void start(Stage stage) {

    final Environment environment = new Environment();
    final Display display = new Display(environment);
    environment.setDisplay(display);

    VBox box = new VBox();

    stage.setTitle("Traffic");
    stage.setScene(new Scene(box, 800, 600));

    HBox controls = new HBox();
    Button restart = new Button("Restart");
    controls.getChildren().addAll(restart);
    box.getChildren().add(controls);

    restart.setOnMouseClicked(e -> {
            environment.clear();
            display.reset();
            addCars(environment);
        });

    box.getChildren().add(display);

    addCars(environment);

    stage.show();
}

/** Add the required cars to an environment.
 *  @param e Environment to use.
 */
private static void addCars(Environment e) {
    /* Add an `interesting' set of cars */
    Random r = new Random();
    e.add(new Car(  0, 63, 2, new Color(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1.0)));
    e.add(new Car( 48, 79, 0, new Color(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1.0)));
    e.add(new Car(144, 60, 0, new Color(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1.0)));
    e.add(new Car(192, 74, 0, new Color(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1.0)));
    e.add(new Car(240, 12, 1, new Color(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1.0)));
    e.add(new Car(288, 77, 0, new Color(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1.0)));
    e.add(new Car(336, 28, 1, new Color(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1.0)));
    e.add(new Car(384, 32, 2, new Color(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1.0)));
    e.add(new Car(432, 16, 1, new Color(r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), r.nextFloat(), 1.0)));
    e.check();
}
};

更新以包括我的环境类，现在问题很啰嗦，但我觉得问题可能出在我如何使用环境类？

public class Environment implements Cloneable {

/** All the cars that are on our road */
private ArrayList<Car> cars = new ArrayList<Car>();
/** The Display object that we are working with */
private Display display;
/** Number of lanes to have on the road */
private int lanes = 4;
private long last;

/** Set the Display object that we are working with.
 */
public void setDisplay(Display display) {
    this.display = display;

    /* Start a timer to update things */
    new AnimationTimer() {
        public void handle(long now) {
            if (last == 0) {
                last = now;
            }

            /* Update the model */
            tick((now - last) * 1e-9);

            /* Update the view */
            double furthest = 0;
            for (Car i: cars) {
                if (i.getPosition() > furthest) {
                    furthest = i.getPosition();
                }
            }
            display.setEnd((int) furthest);
            display.draw();
            last = now;
        }
    }.start();
}

/** Return a copy of this environment */
public Environment clone() {
    Environment c = new Environment();
    for (Car i: cars) {
        c.cars.add(i.clone());
    }
    return c;
}

/** Draw the current state of the environment on our display */
public void draw() {
    for (Car i: cars) {
        display.car((int) i.getPosition(), i.getLane(), i.getColor());
    }
}

/** Add a car to the environment.
 *  @param car Car to add.
 */
public void add(Car car) {
    cars.add(car);
}

public void clear() {
    cars.clear();
}

/** @return length of each car (in pixels) */
public double carLength() {
    return 40;
}

/** Update the state of the environment after some short time has passed */
private void tick(double elapsed) {
    Environment before = Environment.this.clone();
    for (Car i: cars) {
        i.tick(before, elapsed);
    }
}

/** @param behind A car.
 *  @return The next car in front of @ref behind in the same lane, or null if there is nothing in front on the same lane.
 */
public Car nextCar(Car behind) {
    Car closest = null;
    for (Car i: cars) {
        if (i != behind && i.getLane() == behind.getLane() && i.getPosition() > behind.getPosition() && (closest == null || i.getPosition() < closest.getPosition())) {
            closest = i;
        }
    }
    return closest;
}

public void carCollision(Car collided) {

    for (Car i: cars) {
        double MIN_DIS = 0.1;
        if(!(i.equals(collided)) && i.getLane() == collided.getLane() && 
            (Math.abs(i.getPosition() - collided.getPosition()) < MIN_DIS )) {
            System.out.println("collision");
        } else {
            System.out.println("no collisions");
        }
    }
}

public void check() {
    for (Car a: cars) {
        carCollision(a);
    }

}

public void speed() {
    for (Car a : cars) {
        a.setSpeed();
    }
}

/** @return Number of lanes */
public int getLanes() {
    return lanes;
}

}

更新 - 尚未修复，但我认为我已经接近了。我使用“nextCar”方法添加了以下代码 -

public Car nextCar(Car behind) {
    Car closest = null;
    for (Car i: cars) {
        if (i != behind && i.getLane() == behind.getLane() && i.getPosition() > behind.getPosition() && (closest == null || i.getPosition() < closest.getPosition())) {
            closest = i;
        }
    }
    return closest;
}

public void collision() {
    Environment e = Environment.this.clone();
    double MIN_DIS = 0.5;
    for (Car i : cars) {
        e.nextCar(i);
        for (Car a : cars) {
            if(!(i.equals(a)) && i.getLane() == a.getLane() && 
                (Math.abs(i.getPosition() - a.getPosition()) < MIN_DIS)) {
            System.out.println("collision");
        } else {
            System.out.println("no collision");
        }

            System.out.println("closest car is" + i);
        }
    }
}

这设法打印出最近的汽车，所以我知道它有点工作，尽管它仍然不会检测到碰撞？知道可能是什么问题吗？我在 main 的 addCars 方法中使用 e.collision() 来调用它

Answer 1

您是否对 cars 中的每辆车调用 check() ？您发布的代码未显示您如何使用 check()。

此外，你还写了

two cars are in the exact same position

但必须提醒您，使用浮点位置，这确实很棘手。如果两辆车具有相同的初始位置、速度，并且使用相同的 elapsed 参数调用它们的 tick，那么它们将具有相同的位置。但是，在任何其他情况下，由于舍入误差，它们的位置可能会相差很小的分数，例如 0.00000000001。

您必须向我们展示一个包含一组汽车的完整示例，以及如何在它们上调用 check()。