linux - 更新特定行中文本文件中的特定字段

Question

下面是一个代码，我可以用它来更新我的书的数量。但我似乎做不到，所以我可以更新我的其他东西，比如书名、作者、价格等。继承人的代码:

if grep -q "^$bookname:$author:" BookDB.txt
   then 
   read -p "Update Qty to what?" newQty 
   sed -i "s/^\($bookname:$author:[^:]*\):[^:]*:/\1:$newQty:/" BookDB.txt 
   echo "Book's Qty has been updated successfully!" 
   else 
   echo "$0: BookDB.Txt: no '$title' by '$author'" >&2 
   fi

我的数据库是这样的:

Harry Potter - The Half Blood Prince:J.K Rowling:40.30:10:50
The little Red Riding Hood:Dan Lin:40.80:20:10
Harry Potter - The Phoniex:J.K Rowling:50.00:30:20
Harry Potter - The Deathly Hollow:Dan Lin:55.00:33:790
Little Prince:The Prince:15.00:188:9
Lord of The Ring:Johnny Dept:56.80:100:38
Three Little Pig:Andrew Lim:89.10:290:189
All About Ubuntu:Ubuntu Team:76.00:55:133
Catch Me If You Can:Mary Ann:23.60:6:2
Happy Day:Mary Ann:12.99:197:101
haha:gaga:1:10:1

那么我如何更改某些字段，例如当我选择书名 Lord of the ring 作者 johnny Dept 时，我可以将书名更改为 maybe lord of the kings 吗？

Lord of The King:Johnny Dept:56.80:100:38

Answer 1

像user1146332，我也建议换一种更强大的语言。这是一个使用 perl 的例子.它使用模块 Getopt::Long 来读取参数并循环遍历文件以找到匹配的行。

这似乎可行，但您需要更好地检查错误，例如，book 和 author 变量在正则表达式。

还有一件事，我使用带冒号的 split() 来提取字段，我不知道你如何处理一本名字中有冒号的书，但在那种情况下你需要一个用于解析 CSV 的附加模块，例如 Text::CSV 或使用更好的 split 表达式进行更激烈的斗争。

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use Getopt::Long;

my ($book, $author, $newbook, $quantity);

my $r = GetOptions(
        q|book=s| => \$book,
        q|author=s| => \$author,
        q|newbook=s| => \$newbook,
        q|quantity=i| => \$quantity,
) or die;

open my $fh, '<', $ARGV[0] or die;

while ( <$fh> ) { 
        chomp;
        my @f = split /:/;
        next if @f < 5;
        if ( $f[0] =~ m/(?i)\Q$book\E/ &&
             $f[1] =~ m/(?i)\Q$author\E/ ) { 
                $f[0] = defined $newbook ? $newbook : $f[0];
                $f[3] = defined $quantity ? $quantity : $f[3];
                printf qq|%s\n|, join q|:|, @f; 
                next;
        }   

        printf qq|%s\n|, $_; 
}

一个例子:

perl script.pl --book="lord of the ring" --author=dep --newbook="Lord of the King" --quantity=99 infile

产量:

Harry Potter - The Half Blood Prince:J.K Rowling:40.30:10:50
The little Red Riding Hood:Dan Lin:40.80:20:10
Harry Potter - The Phoniex:J.K Rowling:50.00:30:20
Harry Potter - The Deathly Hollow:Dan Lin:55.00:33:790
Little Prince:The Prince:15.00:188:9
Lord of the King:Johnny Dept:56.80:99:38
Three Little Pig:Andrew Lim:89.10:290:189
All About Ubuntu:Ubuntu Team:76.00:55:133
Catch Me If You Can:Mary Ann:23.60:6:2
Happy Day:Mary Ann:12.99:197:101
haha:gaga:1:10:1