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mysql - sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/CREATE TABLE ` suck_t`/!d;q' bak.sql;这个命令是如何工作的?

转载 作者:太空宇宙 更新时间:2023-11-04 09:12:20 25 4
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bak.sql的内容是:

 1  -- MySQL dump 10.14  Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64)
2 --
3 -- Host: localhost Database: suck_db
4 -- ------------------------------------------------------
5 -- Server version 5.5.60-MariaDB
6
7 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
8 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
9 /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
10 /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
11 /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
12 /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
13 /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
14 /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
15 /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
16 /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
17
18 --
19 -- Current Database: `suck_db`
20 --
21
22 CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `suck_db` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
23
24 USE `suck_db`;
25
26 --
27 -- Table structure for table `suck_t`
28 --
29
30 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `suck_t`;
31 /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
32 /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
33 CREATE TABLE `suck_t` (
34 `id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
35 `name` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
36 `age` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
37 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
38 ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=28 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
39 /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
40
41 --
42 -- Dumping data for table `suck_t`
43 --
44
45 LOCK TABLES `suck_t` WRITE;
46 /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `suck_t` DISABLE KEYS */;
47 INSERT INTO `suck_t` VALUES (1,'tom1',11),(2,'tom2',11),(3,'tom3',11),(4,'tom4',11),(5,'tom5',11),(6,'tom5',11),(7,'tom5',11),(8,'tom5',11),(9,'tom5',11),(10,'tom5',11),(11,'tom5',11),(12,'tom5',11),(13,'tom5',11),(14,'tom5',11),(15,'tom5',11),(16,'tom5',11),(17,'tom5',11),(18,'tom5',11),(19,'tom5',11),(20,'tom5',11),(21,'tom5',11),(22,'tom5',11),(23,'tom5',11),(24,'tom5',11),(25,'tom5',11),(26,'tom5',11),(27,'tom5',11);
48 /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `suck_t` ENABLE KEYS */;
49 UNLOCK TABLES;
50 /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
51
52 /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
53 /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
54 /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
55 /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
56 /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
57 /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
58 /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
59
60 -- Dump completed on 2018-12-12 1:02:27

当我运行时

sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/CREATE TABLE `suck_t`/!d;q' bak.sql

输出是:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `suck_t`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `suck_t` (
`id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`age` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=28 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

此命令的目的是从 bak.sql 文件中提取创建表扇区。

我真的很困惑,它是如何工作的?

还有{H;$!d;},为什么要有大括号?带牙套和不带牙套有什么区别?

我的理解是,'/./{H;$!d;}' 执行后,模式空间包括 10 行空行和最后一行,保持空间包括所有非空行。即

模式空间是:

 1  
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 -- Dump completed on 2018-12-12 1:02:27

保留空间是:

 1  -- MySQL dump 10.14  Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64)
2 --
3 -- Host: localhost Database: suck_db
4 -- ------------------------------------------------------
5 -- Server version 5.5.60-MariaDB
6 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
7 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
8 /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
9 /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
10 /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
11 /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
12 /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
13 /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
14 /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
15 /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
16 --
17 -- Current Database: `suck_db`
18 --
19 CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `suck_db` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
20 USE `suck_db`;
21 --
22 -- Table structure for table `suck_t`
23 --
24 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `suck_t`;
25 /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
26 /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
27 CREATE TABLE `suck_t` (
28 `id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
29 `name` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
30 `age` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
31 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
32 ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=28 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
33 /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
34 --
35 -- Dumping data for table `suck_t`
36 --
37 LOCK TABLES `suck_t` WRITE;
38 /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `suck_t` DISABLE KEYS */;
39 INSERT INTO `suck_t` VALUES (1,'tom1',11),(2,'tom2',11),(3,'tom3',11),(4,'tom4',11),(5,'tom5',11),(6,'tom5',11),(7,'tom5',11),(8,'tom5',11),(9,'tom5',11),(10,'tom5',11),(11,'tom5',11),(12,'tom5',11),(13,'tom5',11),(14,'tom5',11),(15,'tom5',11),(16,'tom5',11),(17,'tom5',11),(18,'tom5',11),(19,'tom5',11),(20,'tom5',11),(21,'tom5',11),(22,'tom5',11),(23,'tom5',11),(24,'tom5',11),(25,'tom5',11),(26,'tom5',11),(27,'tom5',11);
40 /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `suck_t` ENABLE KEYS */;
41 UNLOCK TABLES;
42 /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
43 /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
44 /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
45 /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
46 /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
47 /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
48 /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
49 /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
50 -- Dump completed on 2018-12-12 1:02:27

'x'执行后,hold space和pattern space互换,所以pattern space包括所有非空行,hold space包括一堆空行和最后一行。

模式空间是:

 1  -- MySQL dump 10.14  Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64)
2 --
3 -- Host: localhost Database: suck_db
4 -- ------------------------------------------------------
5 -- Server version 5.5.60-MariaDB
6 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
7 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
8 /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
9 /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
10 /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
11 /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
12 /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
13 /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
14 /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
15 /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
16 --
17 -- Current Database: `suck_db`
18 --
19 CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `suck_db` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
20 USE `suck_db`;
21 --
22 -- Table structure for table `suck_t`
23 --
24 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `suck_t`;
25 /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
26 /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
27 CREATE TABLE `suck_t` (
28 `id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
29 `name` varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
30 `age` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
31 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
32 ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=28 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
33 /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
34 --
35 -- Dumping data for table `suck_t`
36 --
37 LOCK TABLES `suck_t` WRITE;
38 /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `suck_t` DISABLE KEYS */;
39 INSERT INTO `suck_t` VALUES (1,'tom1',11),(2,'tom2',11),(3,'tom3',11),(4,'tom4',11),(5,'tom5',11),(6,'tom5',11),(7,'tom5',11),(8,'tom5',11),(9,'tom5',11),(10,'tom5',11),(11,'tom5',11),(12,'tom5',11),(13,'tom5',11),(14,'tom5',11),(15,'tom5',11),(16,'tom5',11),(17,'tom5',11),(18,'tom5',11),(19,'tom5',11),(20,'tom5',11),(21,'tom5',11),(22,'tom5',11),(23,'tom5',11),(24,'tom5',11),(25,'tom5',11),(26,'tom5',11),(27,'tom5',11);
40 /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `suck_t` ENABLE KEYS */;
41 UNLOCK TABLES;
42 /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
43 /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
44 /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
45 /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
46 /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
47 /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
48 /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
49 /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
50 -- Dump completed on 2018-12-12 1:02:27

保留空间是:

 1  
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 -- Dump completed on 2018-12-12 1:02:27

执行'/CREATE TABLE suck_t/!d'后,模式空间中除包含CREATE TABLE suck_t的行外的所有行都被删除。所以输出是:

27  CREATE TABLE `suck_t` (

我哪里错了?

25 4 0
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