python - 如何使用数组值列表检查数组？

Question

我正在尝试解决基于剪刀石头布的编程挑战。我的目标是给出游戏 Action 列表，确定游戏获胜的 Action 。我的问题是检查比赛是否获胜。我有一个获胜组合列表，例如游戏网格是:

1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6,
6, 7, 8,

例如，获胜组合为:4, 5, 6 因为它是连续 3 个。

我的问题是我不知道如何有效地检查所有这些获胜组合。我试图列出获胜组合，然后通过它运行游戏板以检查获胜者，这太棒了，只是它不起作用而且我不知道如何合理地接近它。

这是我的代码:

def is_winner(grid):
    player1_wins = ['X','X','X']
    player2_wins = ['O','O','O']
    player_win = [player1_wins, player2_wins]

    win1 = [0,3,6] #[1,4,7]
    win2 = [1,4,7] #[2,5,8]
    win3 = [2,5,8] #[3,6,9]
    win4 = [0,4,8] #[1,5,9]
    win5 = [6,7,8] #[7,8,9]
    win6 = [3,4,5] #[4,5,6]
    win7 = [0,1,2] #[1,2,3]
    win8 = [6,7,8] #[7,8,9]
    winning_grids = [win1, win2, win3, win4, win5, win6, win7, win8]

    if any(grid[winning_grids]) == any(player_win): # !!!! Broken code here !!!!
        return True # Game won
    else:
        return False

def tic_tac_toe(games):
    for game in range(games):
        grid = ['1','2','3',
                '4','5','6',
                '7','8','9']
        moves = [int(x) for x in raw_input().split()]

        turn = 1
        for move in moves:
            if turn % 2 != 0:
                grid[move-1] = 'X'
            elif turn % 2 == 0:
                grid[move-1] = 'O'
            if is_winner(grid):
                print("Game over on turn %d" % turn)

        print(grid)
tic_tac_toe(input())

示例输入如下所示:

3
7 5 4 1 9 2 8 3 6
5 1 3 7 6 4 2 9 8
5 1 2 8 6 4 7 3 9

如果是 3 场比赛，玩家 1 先开始，玩家 2 是每个字符串中的下一个数字。

答案是:第 1 局 - 第 7 步。第 2 局 - 第 6 步，第 3 局 - 和局。 (尚未实现)

我该怎么做才能检查获胜着法/有人对如何修复我的代码有任何建议吗？

Answer 1

我认为你需要的是使用一个类。我本可以尝试修复您的代码，但我认为您需要彻底重新考虑一下。

从逻辑上讲，您可以将其分解为一个游戏对象，该对象跟踪单个游戏的移动。您可以简单地走一步，然后在每一步之后检查是否赢得了比赛。

我不确定您是否熟悉类，但我认为将井字游戏作为对象来实现会更好。您还可以在许多其他场景中重复使用游戏类。不仅仅是为了确定每场比赛的胜利。在一个复杂的程序中，您甚至可以将游戏对象传递给其他对象，以便它们可以以自己的方式与之交互。这超出了本答案的范围，但希望您明白我的意思。

试试下面的代码，我特意对其进行了大量注释并使其(希望)易于理解。它很长，但它分解了每项任务，因此很容易理解正在发生的事情。 (至少对我来说是)

您可以使用此代码中的概念来修复您的实现。要么使用我的代码片段来修复你的代码，要么根据需要使用我的版本。

通过这段代码，游戏对象可以跟踪轮到谁了、每个玩家的移动、游戏是否获胜、游戏是否结束、获胜玩家是谁以及下棋次数。

此外，我特意编写了代码，使其适用于 Python 2.7 和 3.4。通常，我尝试只为 Python 3x 编写代码，但这是我的偏好。

class TicTacToeGame:
    """
    A class that implements a tic tac toe game
    """

    # This is a class variable that contains
    # a list of all the winning combos
    winningCombos = [
        [1, 2, 3],
        [4, 5, 6],
        [7, 8, 9],
        [1, 4, 7],
        [2, 5, 8],
        [3, 6, 9],
        [1, 5, 9],
        [3, 5, 7]
    ]

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Init method. This gets called when you create a new game object
        We simply use this method to initialize all our instance variables
        """

        # The current player. Either X or O
        self.currentPlayer = 'X'

        # List of player x moves
        self.playerXMoves = []

        # List of player o moves
        self.playerOMoves = []

        # Whether or not the game has been won
        self.isWon = False

        # Whether or not the game is over
        self.isOver = False

        # The winning player
        self.winningPlayer = None

        # The number of moves played
        self.numberOfMovesPlayed = 0

    def doMakeAMoveAtPos(self, pos):
        """
        Makes a move in the game at the specified position
        1 is the first position, 5 is the center position, etc

        @param pos: The position (1 through 9)
        @type pos: int
        @rtype: None
        """

        # If the game has already been won
        if self.isWon:
            raise ValueError('The game has been won')

        # If the game is over, nobody won
        if self.isOver:
            raise ValueError('The game is a tie')

        # Make sure that the position is within range
        if pos < 1 or pos > 9:
            raise ValueError('Invalid position. Should be between 1 and 9')

        # Make sure the position isn't already taken
        if pos in self.playerXMoves or pos in self.playerOMoves:
            raise ValueError('The position: ' + str(pos) + ' is already taken')

        # Get the current player
        currentPlayer = self.currentPlayer

        # If the current player is X
        if currentPlayer == 'X':

            # Add the move and switch to player O
            currentPlayerMoves = self.playerXMoves
            currentPlayerMoves.append(pos)
            self.currentPlayer = 'O'

        # Otherwise, the current player is O
        else:

            # Add the move and switch to player X
            currentPlayerMoves = self.playerOMoves
            currentPlayerMoves.append(pos)
            self.currentPlayer = 'X'

        # Increment the number of plays.. You could just check the length of
        # playerXMoves and playerOMoves to get the total number of moves, but
        # we are going to keep track to avoid more code later
        self.numberOfMovesPlayed += 1

        # If the number of plays is 9, the game is over
        if self.numberOfMovesPlayed == 9:
            self.isOver = True

        # See if the game has been won

        # If there hasn't been enough moves to win yet, no winner
        if len(currentPlayerMoves) < 3:
            return

        # Iterate through each winning combo
        for winningCombo in self.winningCombos:

            # If each number is in the player's moves, the game has been won
            if set(winningCombo) <= set(currentPlayerMoves):

                self.isWon = True
                self.winningPlayer = currentPlayer
                return



# OK... Our Class has been defined.
# Now it's time to play tic tac toe.

# Define an input string. How you get this is up to you
# Change this to different numbers to see what you get.
inputString = '3 7 5 4 1 9 2 8 3 6 5 1 3 7 6 4 2 9 8 5 1 2 8 6 4 7 3 9'

# Parse the input string into a list of integers
moves = [int(move) for move in inputString.split()]

# Create the initial game
game = TicTacToeGame()

# Set the number of games to 1 (This is the first game after all)
numberOfGames = 1

# Go through all the moves 1 by 1
for pos in moves:

    # Try to make a move in the current game
    try:
        game.doMakeAMoveAtPos(pos)

    # But, since the input is unpredictable, we need to catch errors
    # What's to stop the input from being '1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1', etc
    # You can't keep playing position number 1 over and over
    except ValueError as exc:

        # Do what you want with the exception.
        # For this example, I'm just gonna print it
        # and move on the the next move
        print(exc)
        continue

    # If the game has been won
    if game.isWon:
        print('Game ' + str(numberOfGames) + ' Won On Move: ' + str(game.numberOfMovesPlayed) + ' Winning Player: ' + str(game.winningPlayer))

        # Since the game was won, create a new game
        game = TicTacToeGame()

        # And increment the game number
        numberOfGames += 1

    # If the game is a tie
    elif game.isOver:
        print('Game ' + str(numberOfGames) + ' Tie')

        # Since the game was a tie, create a new game
        game = TicTacToeGame()

        # And increment the game number
        numberOfGames += 1

# If there is an unfinished game, we can report this as well
if game.numberOfMovesPlayed > 0:
    print('Game ' + str(numberOfGames) + ' was not finished')

还有很多可以改进的地方，但你明白了(我希望)当我运行这段代码时，我得到以下输出:

Game 1 Won On Move: 7 Winning Player: X
The position: 3 is already taken
Game 2 Won On Move: 6 Winning Player: O
The position: 2 is already taken
The position: 8 is already taken
The position: 6 is already taken
The position: 4 is already taken
Game 3 Won On Move: 9 Winning Player: X
Game 4 was not finished