python - 将项目 append 到字典 Python

Question

我正在尝试用 python 编写一个函数来打开文件并将其解析为字典。我正在尝试使列表 block 中的第一项成为字典 data 中每个项目的键。然后每个项目都应该是列表的其余部分 block 减去第一个项目。但出于某种原因，当我运行以下函数时，它会错误地解析它。我在下面提供了输出。我怎样才能像上面所说的那样解析它？任何帮助将不胜感激。

功能:

def parseData() :
    filename="testdata.txt"
    file=open(filename,"r+")

    block=[]
    for line in file:
        block.append(line)
        if line in ('\n', '\r\n'):
            album=block.pop(1)
            data[block[1]]=album
            block=[]
    print data

输入:

Bob Dylan
1966 Blonde on Blonde
-Rainy Day Women #12 & 35
-Pledging My Time
-Visions of Johanna
-One of Us Must Know (Sooner or Later)
-I Want You
-Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again
-Leopard-Skin Pill-Box Hat
-Just Like a Woman
-Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I'll Go Mine)
-Temporary Like Achilles
-Absolutely Sweet Marie
-4th Time Around
-Obviously 5 Believers
-Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands

输出:

{'-Rainy Day Women #12 & 35\n': '1966 Blonde on Blonde\n',
 '-Whole Lotta Love\n': '1969 II\n', '-In the Evening\n': '1979 In Through the Outdoor\n'}

Answer 1

您可以使用 groupby 使用空行作为分隔符对数据进行分组，使用 defaultdict 重复键扩展从 groupby 返回的每个 val 的其余值提取键/第一个元素后。

from itertools import groupby
from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict(list)
with open("file.txt") as f:
    for k, val in groupby(f, lambda x: x.strip() != ""):
        # if k is True we have a section
       if k:
            # get key  "k" which is the first line
           # from each section, val will be the remaining lines
           k,*v = val
           # add or add to the existing key/value pairing
           d[k].extend(map(str.rstrip,v))
from pprint import pprint as pp
pp(d)

输出:

{'Bob Dylan\n': ['1966 Blonde on Blonde',
                 '-Rainy Day Women #12 & 35',
                 '-Pledging My Time',
                 '-Visions of Johanna',
                 '-One of Us Must Know (Sooner or Later)',
                 '-I Want You',
                 '-Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again',
                 '-Leopard-Skin Pill-Box Hat',
                 '-Just Like a Woman',
                 "-Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I'll Go Mine)",
                 '-Temporary Like Achilles',
                 '-Absolutely Sweet Marie',
                 '-4th Time Around',
                 '-Obviously 5 Believers',
                 '-Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands'],
 'Led Zeppelin\n': ['1979 In Through the Outdoor',
                    '-In the Evening',
                    '-South Bound Saurez',
                    '-Fool in the Rain',
                    '-Hot Dog',
                    '-Carouselambra',
                    '-All My Love',
                    "-I'm Gonna Crawl",
                    '1969 II',
                    '-Whole Lotta Love',
                    '-What Is and What Should Never Be',
                    '-The Lemon Song',
                    '-Thank You',
                    '-Heartbreaker',
                    "-Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)",
                    '-Ramble On',
                    '-Moby Dick',
                    '-Bring It on Home']}

对于 python2，解压语法略有不同:

with open("file.txt") as f:
    for k, val in groupby(f, lambda x: x.strip() != ""):
        if k:
            k, v = next(val), val
            d[k].extend(map(str.rstrip, v))

如果你想保留换行符，请移除 map(str.rstrip..

如果您想要为每个艺术家分别制作专辑和歌曲:

from itertools import groupby
from collections import defaultdict

d = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list))
with open("file.txt") as f:
    for k, val in groupby(f, lambda x: x.strip() != ""):
        if k:
            k, alb, songs = next(val),next(val), val
            d[k.rstrip()][alb.rstrip()] = list(map(str.rstrip, songs))

from pprint import pprint as pp

pp(d)



{'Bob Dylan': {'1966 Blonde on Blonde': ['-Rainy Day Women #12 & 35',
                                         '-Pledging My Time',
                                         '-Visions of Johanna',
                                         '-One of Us Must Know (Sooner or '
                                         'Later)',
                                         '-I Want You',
                                         '-Stuck Inside of Mobile with the '
                                         'Memphis Blues Again',
                                         '-Leopard-Skin Pill-Box Hat',
                                         '-Just Like a Woman',
                                         '-Most Likely You Go Your Way '
                                         "(And I'll Go Mine)",
                                         '-Temporary Like Achilles',
                                         '-Absolutely Sweet Marie',
                                         '-4th Time Around',
                                         '-Obviously 5 Believers',
                                         '-Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands']},
 'Led Zeppelin': {'1969 II': ['-Whole Lotta Love',
                              '-What Is and What Should Never Be',
                              '-The Lemon Song',
                              '-Thank You',
                              '-Heartbreaker',
                              "-Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)",
                              '-Ramble On',
                              '-Moby Dick',
                              '-Bring It on Home'],
                  '1979 In Through the Outdoor': ['-In the Evening',
                                                  '-South Bound Saurez',
                                                  '-Fool in the Rain',
                                                  '-Hot Dog',
                                                  '-Carouselambra',
                                                  '-All My Love',
                                                  "-I'm Gonna Crawl"]}}