Python:获取函数中定义的变量的值，在该函数之外

Question

我需要一种方法来获取在该函数之外的函数中定义的变量的值。这不是必需的，但会使我的代码更容易理解。目前还没有找到任何可靠的答案。

def pizzais():
  pizza = "yummy"

pizzais()
print(pizza)

这将返回一个错误，指出未定义披萨。有没有什么技巧可以解决这个问题。

太了解我的情况了，这里是我的代码，我也在应用它。

def questions():
    user = input("What is your username?") #username
    race = input("What is your race? (orc, human, elf, goblin)") #race

#won't move on if the player fills an answer that is not an option
    if race == "orc" or race == "human" or race == "elf" or race == "goblin":
        pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")


    else:
        while race != "orc" and race != "human" and race != "goblin" and race != "elf":
            race = input("What is your race? (orc, human, elf, goblin)")
            if race == "orc" or race == "human" or race == "elf" or race == "goblin":
                pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")

#won't move on if the player fills an answer that is not an option               
    if pClass == "archer" or pClass == "warrior" or pClass == "rogue" or pClass == "mage":
            correct = input("So you are " + user + ", the " + race + " " + pClass + "? (yes or no)")

    else:
        while pClass != "archer" and pClass != "warrior" and pClass != "rogue" and pClass != "mage":
            pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")
            if pClass == "archer" or pClass == "warrior" or pClass == "rogue" or pClass == "mage":
                correct = input("So you are " + user + ", the " + race + " " + pClass + "? (yes or no)")

    def correct_def():
        correct = input("So you are " + user + ", the " + race + " " + pClass + "? (yes or no)")
        if correct == "yes": #if player likes their choices the game will begin
            print("Enjoy the game " + user + "!")

        elif correct == "no": #if player doesn't like their choices all questions are asked again
            reAsk = input("What would you like to change?(username, race, class or all)")

        else:
            while correct != "yes" and correct != "no":
                correct = input("So you are " + user + ", the " + race + " " + pClass + "? (yes or no)")
            if correct == "yes":
                print("Enjoy the game " + user + "!")

            elif correct == "no":
                questions()

    if correct == "yes": #if player likes their choices the game will begin
        print("Enjoy the game " + user + "!")

    elif correct == "no": #if player doesn't like their choices all questions are asked again
        reAsk = input("What would you like to change?(username, race, class or all)")

        if reAsk == "username":
            user = input("What is your username?")
            correct_def()

        elif reAsk == "race":
            race = input("What is your race? (orc, human, elf, goblin)")
            while race != "orc" and race != "human" and race != "goblin" and race != "elf":
                race = input("What is your race? (orc, human, elf, goblin)")
            correct_def()

        elif reAsk == "class":
            pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")
            while pClass != "archer" and pClass != "warrior" and pClass != "rogue" and pClass != "mage":
                pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")
            correct_def()

        elif reAsk == "all":
            questions()

        else:
            while reAsk != "username" and reAsk != "race" and reAsk != "class" and reAsk != "all":
                reAsk = input("What would you like to change?(username, race, class or all)")
                if reAsk == "username":
                    user = input("What is your username?")
                    print("Enjoy the game " + user + "!")

                elif reAsk == "race":
                    race = input("What is your race? (orc, human, elf, goblin)")
                    while race != "orc" and race != "human" and race != "goblin" and race != "elf":
                        race = input("What is your race? (orc, human, elf, goblin)")
                    print("Enjoy the game " + user + "!")

                elif reAsk == "class":
                    pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")
                    while pClass != "archer" and pClass != "warrior" and pClass != "rogue" and pClass != "mage":
                        pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")
                    print("Enjoy the game " + user + "!")

                elif reAsk == "all":
                    questions()

#won't move on if the player fills an answer that is not an option 
    else:
        while correct != "yes" and correct != "no":
            correct = input("So you are " + user + ", the " + race + " " + pClass + "? (yes or no)")
        if correct == "yes":
            print("Enjoy the game " + user + "!")

        elif correct == "no":
            reAsk = input("What would you like to change?(username, race, class or all)")

        if reAsk == "username":
            user = input("What is your username?")
            correct_def()

        elif reAsk == "race":
            race = input("What is your race? (orc, human, elf, goblin)")
            while race != "orc" and race != "human" and race != "goblin" and race != "elf":
                race = input("What is your race? (orc, human, elf, goblin)")
            correct_def()

        elif reAsk == "class":
            pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")
            while pClass != "archer" and pClass != "warrior" and pClass != "rogue" and pClass != "mage":
                pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")
            correct_def()

        elif reAsk == "all":
            questions()

        else:
            while reAsk != "username" and reAsk != "race" and reAsk != "class" and reAsk != "all":
                reAsk = input("What would you like to change?(username, race, class or all)")
                if reAsk == "username":
                    user = input("What is your username?")
                    print("Enjoy the game " + user + "!")

                elif reAsk == "race":
                    race = input("What is your race? (orc, human, elf, goblin)")
                    while race != "orc" and race != "human" and race != "goblin" and race != "elf":
                        race = input("What is your race? (orc, human, elf, goblin)")
                    print("Enjoy the game " + user + "!")

                elif reAsk == "class":
                    pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")
                    while pClass != "archer" and pClass != "warrior" and pClass != "rogue" and pClass != "mage":
                        pClass = input("What is your class? (archer, warrior, rogue or mage)")
                    print("Enjoy the game " + user + "!")

                elif reAsk == "all":
                    questions()
questions()

Answer 1

您可能应该通读 Tutorial section on functions - 这只是您使用函数for 的最基本的东西。

您的代码示例一团糟，但这里有一个您似乎要尝试做的简单示例:

def ask_race():
    race = None
    options = ['orc', 'human', 'elf', 'goblin']
    while race not in options:
        race = input('What is your race? ({})'.format(','.join(options)))
    return race

重复您的其他选项，然后您可以执行以下操作:

def questions():
    race = ask_race()
    character_class = ask_class()

还有更多的清理工作可以完成，但这应该让您开始使用更合理的结构。