Javascript `this` 与 Python `self` 构造函数

Question

Javascript 构造函数 + 创建对象示例

//Constructor
function Course(title,instructor,level,published,views){
    this.title = title;
    this.instructor = instructor;
    this.level = level;
    this.published = published;
    this.views = views;
    this.updateViews = function() {
        return ++this.views;
    }
}

//Create Objects
var a = new Course("A title", "A instructor", 1, true, 0);
var b = new Course("B title", "B instructor", 1, true, 123456);

//Log out objects properties and methods
console.log(a.title);  // "A Title"
console.log(b.updateViews()); // "123457"

Python 的对应项是什么？ (构造函数/或类 + 创建对象实例 + 注销属性和方法？)

Python 的 self 和 Javascript 的 this 有区别吗？

Answer 1

这是一个 python 翻译:

class Course:

    def __init__(self,title,instructor,level,published,views):
        self.title = title
        self.instructor = instructor
        self.level = level
        self.published = published
        self.views = views

    def update_views(self):
        return self.views += 1

您必须声明一个类，然后初始化该类的一个实例，如下所示:

course = Course("title","instructor","level","published",0)

一些显着的区别是 self 不是隐式可用的，但实际上是该类所有方法的必需参数。但是，你应该咨询 the documentation 有关 python 类的更多信息。

编辑

截至python3.7 ，我觉得有义务表明新推出的 dataclasses是另一种(并且越来越普遍)编写像这样的简单类的方法。

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Course:

     title: str 
     instructor: str 
     level: str 
     published: bool
     views: int 

     def update_views(self) -> int:
         return self.views += 1