c - 运行C程序时出现段错误

Question

我刚收到一条错误消息，说我的程序中存在段错误。我使用 gdb 追踪它，下面是我找到它的地方。我该如何解决？

void add_to_hash(HashTable **h, char *data)
{
int index = hash_value(data);
HashTable *curr_table = h[strlen(data)];
Node * exist_node = exist(curr_table, data);

if (exist_node == NULL) 
{
    Node *new_node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
    if (new_node == NULL) {
        printf("Error allocating memory for new bucket\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    if (data != NULL) 
    {
        new_node->data = strdup(data);
        new_node->next = curr_table->nodes[index];
        curr_table->nodes[index] = new_node;
        free(data);                                 
    }
}
else {
    return;
}
}

//Rerturn the exist data.
Node* exist(HashTable* h, char* data)
{
int index = hash_value(data);
Node* list = NULL; 
list = h->nodes[index];//gdb told me this line has error.
if (list) {
    for (; list != NULL; list = list->next) {
        if (strcmp(data, list->data) == 0) {
            return list;
        }
    }
}
return NULL;
}

这是我从 gdb 得到的

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000000000400baa in exist (h=0x0, data=0x644660 "a\n") at G1.c:129
129             list = h->nodes[index];
(gdb) bt
#0  0x0000000000400baa in exist (h=0x0, data=0x644660 "a\n") at G1.c:129
#1  0x0000000000400afa in add_to_hash (h=0x603250, data=0x644660 "a\n") at G1.c:105
#2  0x0000000000400920 in main (argc=3, argv=0x7fffffffebf8) at G1.c:55

Answer 1

那一行是错误。 GDB在告诉你

0x0000000000400baa in exist (h=0x0, data=0x644660 "a\n") at G1.c:129

h 是一个NULL 指针(指向地址 0)。当您使用 h->nodes[index] 取消引用它时，您最终会出现段错误。当您设置 HashTable *curr_table = h[strlen(data)]; 时，问题可能出在您的 add_to_hash 函数中。 h[strlen(data)] 可能是 NULL，这就是为什么 curr_table(您最终将其传递为 h您的 exist 函数)是 NULL。