我想保存一个 dict
或数组。
我尝试使用 np.save
和 pickle
,发现前者总是花费更少的时间。
我的实际数据要大得多,但我只是在这里展示一小部分用于演示目的:
import numpy as np
#import numpy.array as array
import time
import pickle
b = {0: [np.array([0, 0, 0, 0])], 1: [np.array([1, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]), np.array([0, 0, 1, 0]), np.array([0, 0, 0, 1]), np.array([-1, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([ 0, -1, 0, 0]), np.array([ 0, 0, -1, 0]), np.array([ 0, 0, 0, -1])], 2: [np.array([2, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 1, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 0, 1, 0]), np.array([1, 0, 0, 1]), np.array([ 1, -1, 0, 0]), np.array([ 1, 0, -1, 0]), np.array([ 1, 0, 0, -1])], 3: [np.array([1, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]), np.array([0, 0, 1, 0]), np.array([0, 0, 0, 1]), np.array([-1, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([ 0, -1, 0, 0]), np.array([ 0, 0, -1, 0]), np.array([ 0, 0, 0, -1])], 4: [np.array([2, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 1, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 0, 1, 0]), np.array([1, 0, 0, 1]), np.array([ 1, -1, 0, 0]), np.array([ 1, 0, -1, 0]), np.array([ 1, 0, 0, -1])], 5: [np.array([0, 0, 0, 0])], 6: [np.array([1, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]), np.array([0, 0, 1, 0]), np.array([0, 0, 0, 1]), np.array([-1, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([ 0, -1, 0, 0]), np.array([ 0, 0, -1, 0]), np.array([ 0, 0, 0, -1])], 2: [np.array([2, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 1, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 0, 1, 0]), np.array([1, 0, 0, 1]), np.array([ 1, -1, 0, 0]), np.array([ 1, 0, -1, 0]), np.array([ 1, 0, 0, -1])], 7: [np.array([1, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]), np.array([0, 0, 1, 0]), np.array([0, 0, 0, 1]), np.array([-1, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([ 0, -1, 0, 0]), np.array([ 0, 0, -1, 0]), np.array([ 0, 0, 0, -1])], 8: [np.array([2, 0, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 1, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 0, 1, 0]), np.array([1, 0, 0, 1]), np.array([ 1, -1, 0, 0]), np.array([ 1, 0, -1, 0]), np.array([ 1, 0, 0, -1])]}
start_time = time.time()
with open('testpickle', 'wb') as myfile:
pickle.dump(b, myfile)
print("--- Time to save with pickle: %s milliseconds ---" % (1000*time.time() - 1000*start_time))
start_time = time.time()
np.save('numpy', b)
print("--- Time to save with numpy: %s milliseconds ---" % (1000*time.time() - 1000*start_time))
start_time = time.time()
with open('testpickle', 'rb') as myfile:
g1 = pickle.load(myfile)
print("--- Time to load with pickle: %s milliseconds ---" % (1000*time.time() - 1000*start_time))
start_time = time.time()
g2 = np.load('numpy.npy')
print("--- Time to load with numpy: %s milliseconds ---" % (1000*time.time() - 1000*start_time))
给出输出:
--- Time to save with pickle: 4.0 milliseconds ---
--- Time to save with numpy: 1.0 milliseconds ---
--- Time to load with pickle: 2.0 milliseconds ---
--- Time to load with numpy: 1.0 milliseconds ---
时间差异与我的实际大小(字典中约 100,000 个键)更加明显。
为什么 pickle 比 np.save 花费更长的时间来保存和加载?
什么时候应该使用pickle
?
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